Chemical Bonding - The easy stuff

Question 1

Atoms can achieve a noble gas configuration by bonding with other atoms. What are the three ways that it can occur?

Answer 1

1. They can donate one or more valence electrons to another atom
2. They can gain one or more valence electrons from another atom
3. They can share valence electrons with another atom

Question 2

What are the three main types of chemical bonding?

Answer 2

1. Covalent Bonding,
2. Ionic Bonding,
3. Metallic Bonding, the bonding between metal atoms

Question 3

What is covalent bonding?

Answer 3

Covalent bonding is the sharing of electrons between non metal atoms to form molecules

Question 4

What is ionic bonding?

Answer 4

Ionic bonding is TRANSFER of (valence electrons) from metal atom(s) to non- metal atom(s) to form an ionic substance

Question 5

What is a chemical bond?

Answer 5

A chemical bond is the force of attraction between atoms that results from the redistribution of their electrons.

Question 6

What are the three main types of chemical formulae?

Answer 6

Molecular formula

structural formula

Empirical Formula

Question 7

What is molecular formula?

Answer 7

a chemical formula that gives the total number of atoms of each element present in one molecule of a compound using subscripts

Question 8

What is structural formula?

Answer 8

A diagrammatic representation of one molecule of the compound using lines between atoms to represent bonds

Question 9

What is empirical Formula

Answer 9

the empirical formula gives the simplest whole number ratio between the elements in the compound using subscripts

Question 10

What is valency (valence number)?

Answer 10

Valency (valence number) is the maximum number of bonds an atom can form when it bonds with other atoms.

Question 11

What do ionic and covalent bonding both result in?

Answer 11

Ionic and covalent bonding both result is the formation of chemical compounds.

Question 12

What are the properties of Ionic (Electrovalent) Bonding?

Answer 12

1. They consist of ions.
2. They are usually crystalline solids.
3. They conduct electricity when melted (or molten) or when dissolved in water as the ions are
   free to move and carry the electricity. However, they DO NOT conduct electricity in the solid
   state as their ions are held together by strong bonds and are therefore not able to move.
4. They usually have high melting points and high boiling points as the strong ionic bonds require a
   lot of energy to break.
5. They usually dissolve in water but do not usually dissolve in organic solvents such as ethanol.

Question 13

What are the properties of covalent bonding?

Answer 13

1. They consist of molecules.
2. They are mostly liquids and gases.
3. They DO NOT conduct electricity in any state as they are no ions or free electrons present.
4. They have low melting points and boiling points.
5. They are usually soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, but insoluble in water

Question 14

What is a metallic bond?

Answer 14

The metallic bond is the chemical bond created by the electrostatic force of attraction between the positive cations and the moving delocalised negative electrons

Question 15

What are the properties of metals?

Answer 15

1. Metals have high melting and boiling point because of the strong forces of attraction between the cations and delocalised electrons.
2. metals have high densities because the atoms are packed very closely together
3. They are good conductors of electricity because the delocaised electrons are free to move and carry charge
4. Metals are good conductors of heat because the delocalised electrons
5. Metals are malleable and ductile because of their atom size

Question 16

What are the four types of solids?

Answer 16

Ionic crystals, simple molecular crystals, giant molecular crystals and metallic crystals

Question 17

What is an ionic crystal?

Answer 17

Ionic crystals crystals are solids formed as a result of ionic bonding. It s composed of an ionic lattice. eg sodium chloridde. they conduct electricity when molten because their ions are free to carry charge

Question 18

What is a simple molecular crystal?

Answer 18

Simple molecular crystals are solids composed of small molecules. Eg, ice, Iodine I2. they dont conduct electricty in any state. weak intermolecular forces hold them together.

Question 19

What is a giant molecular crystal?

Answer 19

Giant molecular crystals are composed of non metals bonded by strong covalent bonds to form a giant molecular lattice. E.g diamond and graphite and silicon dioxide. It is representedusing empirical formula

Question 20

What are the structure and properties of diamonds?

Answer 20

Diamond is very hard, has a high melting point and does not conduct electricity

Question 21

What are the structure and properties of graphite?

Answer 21

Graphite is soft and lubricating, has a high melting point and conducts electricity

Question 22

What is an allotrope?

Answer 22

Allotropes are different structural forms of the same element in the same physical state

Question 23

What are the properties of metals?

Answer 23

The properties of metals are due to the bonding within the lattice.