acs gen chem 1 final - memorization

Question 1

what are the seven strong acids?

Answer 1

hydrochloric acid (HCl)
Hydrobromic acid (HBr)
Hydroiodic acid (HI)
Nitric acid (HNO3)
Sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
Perchloric acid (HClO4)
Chloric acid (HClO3)

Question 2

what are the some strong bases?

Answer 2

Alkali hydroxide (MOH)
Ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH)
Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2)
Strontium hydroxide (Sr(OH)2)
Barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)2)
Potassium hydroxide (KOH)

ANYTHING WITH OH

Question 3

Femto-

Answer 3

10^15

Question 4

Pico-

Answer 4

10^-12

Question 5

Nano-

Answer 5

10^-9

Question 6

Micro-

Answer 6

10^-6

Question 7

milli-

Answer 7

10^-3

Question 8

centi-

Answer 8

10^-2

Question 9

hecto-

Answer 9

10^2

Question 10

kilo-

Answer 10

10^3

Question 11

mega-

Answer 11

10^6

Question 12

giga-

Answer 12

10^9

Question 13

tera-

Answer 13

10^12

Question 14

peta-

Answer 14

10^15

Question 15

What is the polyatomic ion mnemonic, and what are they?

Answer 15

Nick the Camel ATE a Clam for Supper in Phoenix

Nick = Nitrate = No3-
Camel = Carbonate = (CO3)2-

ATE = all of these ions are -ates = 3/4 oxygen

Clam = Chlorate = (ClO3)-
Supper = Sulfate = (SO4)2-
Phoenix = Phosphate = (PO4)3-

The -ite version of all of these ions is one less oxygen

Question 16

what is the mnemonic for the solubility rules? what are the solubility rules?

Answer 16

ALWAYS SOLUBLE = NAG SAG EXCEPTIONS
N= Nitrates (NO3)
A = Acetates (C2H3O2)
G = Group 1 PMS (Pb, Hg, Ag)

S = Sulfates (SO4) Sr, Ba, Hg, Pb CSBear
A = Ammonium (NH4)
G = Group 17 PMS (Pb, Hg, Ag) CBear

ALWAYS INSOLUBLE = POCS EXCEPTIONS

P = PO4 NH4, G1
O = OH NH4, G1, Ca, Sr, Ba
C = CO3 NH4, G1
S = S2- NH4, G1, Ca, Sr, Ba

Question 17

what are the naming rules for acids/bses?

Answer 17

binary acids - hydrogen + monoatomic

hydro + anion + ic + acid

HI = hydroiodic acid

oxoacids - hydrogen + polyatomic

if ite, remove and add ous + acid
nitrite (NO2), becomes nitrous acid

if ate, remove and add ic + acid
HNO3 = nitric acid

Hypo = one oxygen
Ous = 2 oxygen
Ic = 3 oxygen
Per = 4 oxygen

this is typically, be careful of the polyatomic youre dealing with, G3 and below have O4 = ate = ic

Question 18

what are the covalent bonding prefixes

Answer 18

1 = mono
2 = di
3 = tri
4 = tetra
5 = penta
6 = hexa
7 = hepta
8 = octa
9 = nona
10 = deca

Question 19

what are the rules for organic naming? what are the first 4 prefixes for organic naming?

Answer 19

MEPB

meth = 1
eth = 2
prop = 3
but = 4

CnHm

ane = m=2n+2
ene = m=2n
yne = m=2n-2

Question 20

what is the hybridization for a steric number of 2?

Answer 20

sp

Question 21

what is the hybridization for a steric number of 3?

Answer 21

sp2

Question 22

what is the hybridization for a steric number of 4?

Answer 22

sp3

Question 23

what is the hybridization for a steric number of 5?

Answer 23

sp3d

Question 24

what is the hybridization for a steric number of 6?

Answer 24

sp3d2

Question 25

what is the molecular geometry, polarity, and bond angle of a molecule with 2 bonds and 0 lone pairs?

Answer 25

linear, nonpolar, 180

Question 26

what is the molecular geometry, polarity, and bond angle of a molecule with 3 bonds and 0 lone pairs?

Answer 26

trigonal planar, nonpolar, 120

Question 27

what is the molecular geometry, polarity, and bond angle of a molecule with 2 bonds and 1 lone pair?

Answer 27

bent, polar, <120

Question 28

what is the molecular geometry, polarity, and bond angle of a molecule with 4 bonds and 0 lone pairs?

Answer 28

Tetrahedral, nonpolar, 109.5

Question 29

what is the molecular geometry, polarity, and bond angle of a molecule with 3 bonds and 1 lone pair?

Answer 29

Trigonal pyramidal, polar, <109.5

Question 30

what is the molecular geometry, polarity, and bond angle of a molecule with 2 bonds and 2 lone pairs?

Answer 30

bent, polar, <109.5

Question 31

what is the molecular geometry, polarity, and bond angles of a molecule with 5 bonds and 0 lone pairs?

Answer 31

Trigonal bipyramidal, nonpolar, 90 equa and 120 axial

Question 32

what is the molecular geometry, polarity, and bond angles of a molecule with 4 bonds and 1 lone pair?

Answer 32

seesaw, polar, <90 and <120

Question 33

what is the molecular geometry, polarity, and bond angles of a molecule with 3 bonds and 2 lone pairs?

Answer 33

T-shaped, polar, <90 and <120

Question 34

what is the molecular geometry, polarity, and bond angles of a molecule with 2 bonds and 3 lone pairs?

Answer 34

Linear, nonpolar, and 180

Question 35

what is the molecular geometry, polarity, and bond angles of a molecule with 6 bonds and 0 lone pairs?

Answer 35

octahedral, nonpolar, 90

Question 36

what is the molecular geometry, polarity, and bond angles for a molecule with 5 bonds and 1 lone pairs?

Answer 36

square pyramidal, polar, <90 and <120

Question 37

what is the molecular geometry, polarity, and bond angles of a molecule with 4 bonds and 2 lone pairs?

Answer 37

square planar, nonpolar, 90

Question 38

molecules will be nonpolar if...

Answer 38

1. central atom has no lone pairs, if it does then it must be square planar (6,4,2) or linear 2. all atoms around central atom are the same