acs gen chem 1 final - sedo

Question 1

the physical matter of the universe. it is anything that has mass and occupies space

Answer 1

matter

Question 2

________ is made up of relatively few elements

Answer 2

matter

Question 3

the smallest building block of matter. smallest particle that retains the chemical property of the elements (O, He, S)

Answer 3

Atom

Question 4

Each _______ is made of the same kind of atom

Answer 4

element

Question 5

combination of atoms held together in specific shapes

Answer 5

molecule

Question 6

no fixed volume or shape, conforms to volume and shape of container, is compressible

Answer 6

gas

Question 7

individual particles are confined to a given volume, liquid flows (no definite shape) and assumes the shape of its container up to the volume of the liquid, slightly compressible

Answer 7

liquid

Question 8

rigid with definite shape, very slightly compressible

Answer 8

solid

Question 9

stable diatomics

Answer 9

H2, O2, N2, and the halogens, (F2, CL2, Br2, I2)

Question 10

different samples of any pure compound contain the same elements in the same proportion by mass

Answer 10

law of constant (definite) composition

Question 11

characteristics of a substance. can be observed without changing a substance into another substance

Answer 11

physical properties

Question 12

describes the reactivity of a substance. can only be observed when a substance is changed into another substance

Answer 12

chemical properties

Question 13

does not depend on amount

Answer 13

intensive property

Question 14

depends on amount

Answer 14

extensive property

Question 15

substances transform into chemically different substances

Answer 15

chemical change

Question 16

no change in chemical composition

Answer 16

physical change

Question 17

how close to the true value a given measurement is

Answer 17

accuracy

Question 18

how well a number of independent measurements agree with one another

Answer 18

precision

Question 19

Electrons were discovered by _________ in 1897, while ___________ experiment determined its charge

Answer 19

JJ Thompson, Milikans Oil Drop

Question 20

postulated a very small, dense nucleus with the electrons around the outside of the atom. most of the volume of the atom is empty space

Answer 20

rutherford

Question 21

Protons were discovered by ___ in 1919

Answer 21

rutherford

Question 22

neutrons were discovered by ____ in 1932

Answer 22

james chadwick

Question 23

1) all matter is made of atoms. atoms are indivisible and indestructible

2) all atoms of a given element are identical in mass and properties

3) compounds are formed by a combination of two or more different kinds of atoms

4) a chemical reaction is a rearrangement of atoms

Answer 23

daltons atomic theory

Question 24

organic alkANEs

Answer 24

Mother Eats Peanut Butter:

Methane: CH4
Ethane: C2H6
Propane: C3H8
Butane: C4H10
then greek prefixes and so on

Question 25

uniform throughout, tea/throroughly mixed

Answer 25

homogeneous mixture

Question 26

not uniform throughout, cement/asphalt, sea water

Answer 26

heterogenous mixture

Question 27

when an element has a change in mass number, or neutrons

Answer 27

isotope

Question 28

a species of an element in which the number of electrons does not equal the number of protons

Answer 28

ion

Question 29

each isotope of an atom has a different number of neutrons

Answer 29

isotope

Question 30

mols/L; mmols/mL

Answer 30

molarity

Question 31

the lighter a gas's atomic weight, the faster it will escape a container

Answer 31

graham's law of effusion

Question 32

the temperature at which the solid and liquid phases of substance are in equilibrium at atmospheric pressure (760mmHg)

Answer 32

normal melting point

Question 33

the point at which the vapor pressure of a liquid = 1atm

Answer 33

boiling point

Question 34

change in spontaneity of a system

Answer 34

free energy

Question 35

amount of energy required to raise the water surrounding the chamber of the bomb calorimeter by one C

Answer 35

calorimeter constant

Question 36

ΔG = ΔH - TΔS, where ΔH = change in enthalpy and ΔS = change in entropy.

Answer 36

gibbs free energy

Question 37

change in energy of a system

Answer 37

enthalpy

Question 38

change in chaos/randomness of a system

Answer 38

entropy

Question 39

two atoms with the same charge

Answer 39

isoelectric

Question 40

an insulated contained used to study reactions at a constant volume

Answer 40

bomb calorimeter

Question 41

same as specific heat, but requirement for raising 1 mole of a substance by one C

Answer 41

molar heat capacity

Question 42

the energy required to break a bond, and the energy released when a bond is formed

Answer 42

bond energy

Question 43

the component of a chemical reaction that will be completely used up first

Answer 43

limiting reagent

Question 44

can be g/mol, kg/kmol, mg/mmol, etc

Answer 44

atomic mass

Question 45

The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one °C. (units: J x g⁻¹ x °C⁻¹)

Answer 45

specific heat

Question 46

(J) mass (g) x specific heat (J x g⁻¹ x °C⁻¹) x ΔT (°C)

Answer 46

heat (q)

Question 47

a covalent bond in which the two electrons derive from the same atom; occurs most often between lewis acids and bases

Answer 47

coordinate covalent bonding*

Question 48

22.414 L/mol @ STP

Answer 48

molar volume of an ideal gas

Question 49

the volume occupied by one mole of a substance

Answer 49

molar volume

Question 50

CxHy + (x + y/4)O₂ → xCO₂ + y/2H₂O

Answer 50

general combustion/combustion of a hydrocarbon + how to balance)

Question 51

two molecules that are composed of the same type and number of elements but are arranged in different ways and have different properties are _____

Answer 51

isomers

Question 52

occurs when three atoms and one non-bonding pair is arranged around a central atom. polar

Answer 52

trigonal pyramidal