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PMLS 401 LAB > ACT 2: CHAIN OF INFECTION > Flashcards

ACT 2: CHAIN OF INFECTION Flashcards

1
Q

Prevention of nonsocomial or health-care-
associated infections.

A

Infection Control

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2
Q

Infection Control Factors:

A

⚫ Monitoring Investigation
⚫ Surveillance, investigation and
management.
◆ Hand Hygiene Compliance
◆ Contract Tracing
◆ Asset Management
◆ Medial Scope Management
◆ Environmental Monitoring

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3
Q

Infections contracted within hospital or those not becoming clinically apparent til the discharge of the patient or infections contracted by the health care professionals as a result of their direct or indirect contact with the patients

A

Nosocomial
Infection

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4
Q

Infections that are contracted outside the hospital or those that become clinically apparent within 48 hours of hospital admission are?

A

Community
Acquired
Infection

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5
Q

The patient contracts the disease during the hospital staff

A

Means of Contracting the Infection: NOSOCOMIAL

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6
Q

The disease is contracted by the patient before getting admitted to the hospital

A

Means of Contracting the Infection: COMMUNITY ACQUIRED INFECTION

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7
Q

CHAIN OF INFECTION IN ORDER:

A
  1. GERMS: Infectious agent
  2. WHERE GERMS LIVE: Reservoir
  3. HOW GERMS GOT OUT: Portal of Exit
  4. GERMS GET OUT: Mode of Transmission
  5. HOW GERMS GET IN: Portal of entry
  6. NEXT SICK PERSON: Susceptible host
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8
Q

(Agent)
* Bacteria
* Viruses
* Parasites

A

GERMS

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9
Q

(Reservoir)
* People Animals/Pets (dogs, cats.
reptiles)
* Wild animals
* Food Soil
* Water

A

WHERE GERMS LIVE

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10
Q

(Portal of Exit)
* Mouth (vomit, saliva)
* Cuts in the skin (blood)
* During diapering and toileting stool)

A

HOW GERMS GOT OUT

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11
Q

(Mode of Transmission)
*Contact (hands, toys, sand)
*Droplets (when you speak, sneeze or
cough)

A

GERMS GET OUT

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12
Q

(Portal of Entry)
* Mouth
* Cuts in the skin
* Eyes

A

HOW GERMS GET IN

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13
Q

[Susceptible Host)
* Babies
* Children
* Elderly
* People with a weakened immune
system
* Unimmunized people
* Anyone

A

NEXT SICK PERSON

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14
Q

STATE AT LEAST 5 WAYS TO BREAK THE CHAIN

A

✓ Immunization
✓ Treatment of underlying disease
✓ Health insurance
✓ Patient education
✓ Diagnosis and treatment

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15
Q

Physical transfer of infectious
microorganisms form the source to
susceptible host

A

MODE OF TRANSMISSION: DIRECT CONTACT

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16
Q

2 TYPES OF DIRECT CONTACT

A

HORIZONTAL TRANSMISSION; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION

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17
Q

Inanimate objects (eating utensils,
drinking cups, water bottles,
hospital instruments, clothing,
money, doorknobs, and tampons)

A

FOMITES

18
Q

Congenital transmission (occurs
across the placenta or as the baby
passes through vaginal canal during
delivery)

A

VEHICLE TRANSMISSION

19
Q

Mechanical vectors biological
vectors (insects or arthropods)

A

VECTOR TRANSMISSION

20
Q

Healthcare institutions should have an
_________________

A

.INFECTION CONTROL PROGRAM

21
Q

INFECTION CONTROL PROGRAM This program has the following functions:

A
  1. To protect patients, employees, an
    visitors from infection
  2. To screen employees for infectious
    disease and require immunization
    when needed
  3. To provide evaluation and treatment
    to health workers who were exposed
    to infectious while performing their
    duty, and
  4. To monitor employees and patients
    and health workers who were
    exposed to such
22
Q

When patients with contagious
diseases are placed into a room to
protect other people from
becoming infected

A

SOURCE ISOLATION

23
Q

Protect an immunocompromised
patient who is at high risk acquiring
micro- organisms from either the
environment or from other
patients, staff, or visitors

A

PROTECTIVE ISOLATION

24
Q

Type of facility is used to prevent
spread of infection from the patient
to other patient and hospital staffs

A

SOURCE ISOLATION

25
Q

Patients with communicable
disease who can pass infections to
others via airborne droplets are
isolated in this type of room

A

SOURCE ISOLATION

26
Q

Type of isolation facility are meant
to isolate immune- compromised
patients such as patient undergoing
organ transplant, or oncology
patient receiving chemotherapy,
HIV, etc.

A

PROTECTIVE ISOLATION

27
Q

STANDARD PRECAUTIONS Everyone Must:

A
  • Clean hands when entering and
    leaving room
  • Cover mouth and nose with arm or
    tissue when coughing or sneezing
28
Q

STANDARD PRECAUTIONS Doctors and stuff Must:

A
  • Gown and glove if soiling likely
  • Wear mask and eye cover if splashing
    body fluids likely
29
Q

TRANSMISSION- BASED PRECAUTIONS

A

AIRBORNE PRECAUTIONS, DROPLET PRECAUTIONS, CONTACT PRECAUTIONS

30
Q

Use __________________ as
recommended for patients known or
suspected to be infected with

infectious agents transmitted person-
to-person by the airborne route.

A

Airborne precautions

31
Q

AIRBORNE PRECAUTIONS: PATIENT PLACEMENT

A
  1. Place in an AIIR (Airborne Isolation
    Room)
  2. Monitor air pressure daily with visual
    indications.
  3. Keep door closed when not required
    for entry and exit.
  4. In ambulatory settings instruct
    patients with known or suspected
    airborne infection to wear a surgical
    mask and observe Respiratory
    Hygiene/ Cough Etiquette. Once in an
    AIIR, the mask may be removed.
32
Q

AIRBORNE PRECAUTIONS: PATEINT TRANSPORT

A
  1. Limit transport to medically
    necessary purposes.
  2. If transport outside an AIIR is
    necessary, instruct patients to
    wear surgical mask ., and observe
    Respiratory Hygiene/ Cough
    Etiquette.
33
Q

AIRBORNE PRECAUTIONS: PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)

A

Wear a fi-tested, NIOSH- approved
N95 or higher-level respirator for
respiratory protection when entering
the room of a patient when listed
diseases are suspected or confirmed.

34
Q

DROPLET PRECAUTIONS: PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)

A

Don mask upon entry into the patient
room or cubicle

35
Q

DROPLET PRECAUTIONS: HAND HYGIENE

A

Hand hygiene according to standard
precautions.

36
Q

DROPLET PRECAUTIONS: PATIENT PLACEMENT

A

Private room, if possible. Cohort or
maintain spatial separation of 3 feet
other patients or visitors if private
room is not available

37
Q

DROPLET PRECAUTIONS: PATIENT TRANSPORT

A

➢ Limit transport to medically necessary
purposes.
➢ If transport or movement in any
healthcare setting is necessary,
instruct patient to wear a mask and
follow Respiratory Hygiene/ Caught
Etiquette.
➢ No mask is required for persons
Transporting patients on Droplets
Precautions.

38
Q

CONTACT PRECAUTIONS: GLOVES

A

➢ Don gloves upon entry into the room
or cubicle.
➢ Wear gloves whenever touching the
patient’s intact skin or surface and
articles in close proximately to the
patient.
➢ Remove gloves before leaving patient
room.

39
Q

CONTACT PRECAUTIONS: HAND HYGIENE

A

➢ According to Standard Precautions

40
Q

CONTACT PRECAUTIONS: GOWNS

A

➢ Don gown upon entry into the room
or cubicle
➢ Remove gown and observe hand
hygiene before leaving the patient
-care environment.

41
Q

CONTACT PRECAUTIONS: PATIENT TRANSPORT

A

➢ Limit transport of patients to
medically necessary purposes.
➢ Ensure that- infected or colonized
areas of the patient’s body are
contained and covered

PMLS 401 LAB (7 decks)

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