ACT 2: CHAIN OF INFECTION

Question 1

Prevention of nonsocomial or health-care-
associated infections.

Answer 1

Infection Control

Question 2

Infection Control Factors:

Answer 2

⚫ Monitoring Investigation
⚫ Surveillance, investigation and
management.
◆ Hand Hygiene Compliance
◆ Contract Tracing
◆ Asset Management
◆ Medial Scope Management
◆ Environmental Monitoring

Question 3

Infections contracted within hospital or those not becoming clinically apparent til the discharge of the patient or infections contracted by the health care professionals as a result of their direct or indirect contact with the patients

Answer 3

Nosocomial
Infection

Question 4

Infections that are contracted outside the hospital or those that become clinically apparent within 48 hours of hospital admission are?

Answer 4

Community
Acquired
Infection

Question 5

The patient contracts the disease during the hospital staff

Answer 5

Means of Contracting the Infection: NOSOCOMIAL

Question 6

The disease is contracted by the patient before getting admitted to the hospital

Answer 6

Means of Contracting the Infection: COMMUNITY ACQUIRED INFECTION

Question 7

CHAIN OF INFECTION IN ORDER:

Answer 7

1. GERMS: Infectious agent
2. WHERE GERMS LIVE: Reservoir
3. HOW GERMS GOT OUT: Portal of Exit
4. GERMS GET OUT: Mode of Transmission
5. HOW GERMS GET IN: Portal of entry
6. NEXT SICK PERSON: Susceptible host

Question 8

(Agent)
* Bacteria
* Viruses
* Parasites

Answer 8

GERMS

Question 9

(Reservoir)
* People Animals/Pets (dogs, cats.
reptiles)
* Wild animals
* Food Soil
* Water

Answer 9

WHERE GERMS LIVE

Question 10

(Portal of Exit)
* Mouth (vomit, saliva)
* Cuts in the skin (blood)
* During diapering and toileting stool)

Answer 10

HOW GERMS GOT OUT

Question 11

(Mode of Transmission)
*Contact (hands, toys, sand)
*Droplets (when you speak, sneeze or
cough)

Answer 11

GERMS GET OUT

Question 12

(Portal of Entry)
* Mouth
* Cuts in the skin
* Eyes

Answer 12

HOW GERMS GET IN

Question 13

[Susceptible Host)
* Babies
* Children
* Elderly
* People with a weakened immune
system
* Unimmunized people
* Anyone

Answer 13

NEXT SICK PERSON

Question 14

STATE AT LEAST 5 WAYS TO BREAK THE CHAIN

Answer 14

✓ Immunization
✓ Treatment of underlying disease
✓ Health insurance
✓ Patient education
✓ Diagnosis and treatment

Question 15

Physical transfer of infectious
microorganisms form the source to
susceptible host

Answer 15

MODE OF TRANSMISSION: DIRECT CONTACT

Question 16

2 TYPES OF DIRECT CONTACT

Answer 16

HORIZONTAL TRANSMISSION; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION

Question 17

Inanimate objects (eating utensils,
drinking cups, water bottles,
hospital instruments, clothing,
money, doorknobs, and tampons)

Answer 17

FOMITES

Question 18

Congenital transmission (occurs
across the placenta or as the baby
passes through vaginal canal during
delivery)

Answer 18

VEHICLE TRANSMISSION

Question 19

Mechanical vectors biological
vectors (insects or arthropods)

Answer 19

VECTOR TRANSMISSION

Question 20

Healthcare institutions should have an
_________________

Answer 20

.INFECTION CONTROL PROGRAM

Question 21

INFECTION CONTROL PROGRAM This program has the following functions:

Answer 21

1. To protect patients, employees, an
   visitors from infection
2. To screen employees for infectious
   disease and require immunization
   when needed
3. To provide evaluation and treatment
   to health workers who were exposed
   to infectious while performing their
   duty, and
4. To monitor employees and patients
   and health workers who were
   exposed to such

Question 22

When patients with contagious
diseases are placed into a room to
protect other people from
becoming infected

Answer 22

SOURCE ISOLATION

Question 23

Protect an immunocompromised
patient who is at high risk acquiring
micro- organisms from either the
environment or from other
patients, staff, or visitors

Answer 23

PROTECTIVE ISOLATION

Question 24

Type of facility is used to prevent
spread of infection from the patient
to other patient and hospital staffs

Answer 24

SOURCE ISOLATION

Question 25

Patients with communicable disease who can pass infections to others via airborne droplets are isolated in this type of room

Answer 25

SOURCE ISOLATION

Question 26

Type of isolation facility are meant to isolate immune- compromised patients such as patient undergoing organ transplant, or oncology patient receiving chemotherapy, HIV, etc.

Answer 26

PROTECTIVE ISOLATION

Question 27

STANDARD PRECAUTIONS Everyone Must:

Answer 27

* Clean hands when entering and leaving room * Cover mouth and nose with arm or tissue when coughing or sneezing

Question 28

STANDARD PRECAUTIONS Doctors and stuff Must:

Answer 28

* Gown and glove if soiling likely * Wear mask and eye cover if splashing body fluids likely

Question 29

TRANSMISSION- BASED PRECAUTIONS

Answer 29

AIRBORNE PRECAUTIONS, DROPLET PRECAUTIONS, CONTACT PRECAUTIONS

Question 30

Use __________________ as recommended for patients known or suspected to be infected with infectious agents transmitted person- to-person by the airborne route.

Answer 30

Airborne precautions

Question 31

AIRBORNE PRECAUTIONS: PATIENT PLACEMENT

Answer 31

1. Place in an AIIR (Airborne Isolation Room) 2. Monitor air pressure daily with visual indications. 3. Keep door closed when not required for entry and exit. 4. In ambulatory settings instruct patients with known or suspected airborne infection to wear a surgical mask and observe Respiratory Hygiene/ Cough Etiquette. Once in an AIIR, the mask may be removed.

Question 32

AIRBORNE PRECAUTIONS: PATEINT TRANSPORT

Answer 32

1. Limit transport to medically necessary purposes. 2. If transport outside an AIIR is necessary, instruct patients to wear surgical mask ., and observe Respiratory Hygiene/ Cough Etiquette.

Question 33

AIRBORNE PRECAUTIONS: PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)

Answer 33

Wear a fi-tested, NIOSH- approved N95 or higher-level respirator for respiratory protection when entering the room of a patient when listed diseases are suspected or confirmed.

Question 34

DROPLET PRECAUTIONS: PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)

Answer 34

Don mask upon entry into the patient room or cubicle

Question 35

DROPLET PRECAUTIONS: HAND HYGIENE

Answer 35

Hand hygiene according to standard precautions.

Question 36

DROPLET PRECAUTIONS: PATIENT PLACEMENT

Answer 36

Private room, if possible. Cohort or maintain spatial separation of 3 feet other patients or visitors if private room is not available

Question 37

DROPLET PRECAUTIONS: PATIENT TRANSPORT

Answer 37

➢ Limit transport to medically necessary purposes. ➢ If transport or movement in any healthcare setting is necessary, instruct patient to wear a mask and follow Respiratory Hygiene/ Caught Etiquette. ➢ No mask is required for persons Transporting patients on Droplets Precautions.

Question 38

CONTACT PRECAUTIONS: GLOVES

Answer 38

➢ Don gloves upon entry into the room or cubicle. ➢ Wear gloves whenever touching the patient’s intact skin or surface and articles in close proximately to the patient. ➢ Remove gloves before leaving patient room.

Question 39

CONTACT PRECAUTIONS: HAND HYGIENE

Answer 39

➢ According to Standard Precautions

Question 40

CONTACT PRECAUTIONS: GOWNS

Answer 40

➢ Don gown upon entry into the room or cubicle ➢ Remove gown and observe hand hygiene before leaving the patient -care environment.

Question 41

CONTACT PRECAUTIONS: PATIENT TRANSPORT

Answer 41

➢ Limit transport of patients to medically necessary purposes. ➢ Ensure that- infected or colonized areas of the patient’s body are contained and covered