ACTINOMYCOSIS & Subcutaneous Mycoses Flashcards
(43 cards)
A group of filamentous branching gram-positive organisms ?
Actinomycetes
Nocardia Streptomyces
Actinomadura?
Aerobic actinomycetes:
Actinomyces ?
Anaerobic actinomycetes:
It is a chronic suppurative abscess leading to scarring & disfigurement
?
Actinomycosis
Actinomyces israelii (anaerobic actinomycetes) Normal flora of the mouth, GIT & vagina
Causative organism of?
Actinomycosis
Pathogenesis of infection:
endogenous
-initiated by local trauma →
introduction of the organisms into the underlying tissues
“anaerobic conditions”→ the organism invades the tissues
→ grow in microcolonies
The lesion begins as a hard red non-tender swelling that
develops slowly & becomes filled with pus, and ruptures to
the surface discharging pus (inflammatory sinuses) Spreads laterally draining pus through sinuses. The pus contains small firm yellow granules (sulphur granules)
?
Actinomycosis
sulphur granules ? typical diagnostic sign”
Of?
Actinomycosis
Actinomycosis
Clinical forms: ? And they affect ? Associated with?
- Cervicofacial infection “lumpy jaw” 50%
•Affects face, neck & mandible
•Usually associated with tooth extraction/ bad oral hygeine
/trauma to the mouth or jaw. 2- Abdominal:
• Affects caecum, appendix
• Associated with trauma/ surgery 3- Pelvic: usually associated with intrauterine devices “IUD”.
Microscopic examination:
Filamentous branching Gram-positive bacilli
?
Actinomycosis
Actinomycosis
Laboratory diagnosis: ?
The “ sulphur granules are crushed and subjected to:
1. Microscopic examination:
Filamentous branching Gram-positive bacilli
2. Culture
“molar tooth” • Anaerobic conditions appearance on agar.
• at least 2 weeks.
Treatment of Actinomycosis
Surgical drainage of pus + Antibiotics (4-6 weeks)
Fungal infections of the dermis, subcutaneous tissue, and
bone?
Subcutaneous Mycoses
Subcutaneous Mycoses
Causative organisms
reside in the soil OR
decaying and living vegetation
Subcutaneous Mycoses
Almost always acquired through
acquired through traumatic lacerations of
the skin / puncture wounds
→ introduction of the organism into the tissues
Occupational hazard in farmers, gardeners, mine workers
?
Subcutaneous Mycoses
Confined to tropical & subtropical regions Difficult to treat & surgical intervention is frequently
employed.
>?
Subcutaneous Mycoses
Examples of Subcutaneous Mycoses
?
Sporotrichosis
2. Mycetoma “ Madura Foot”
Causative organism:
“Sporothrix schenckii” ?
Sporotrichosis
dimorphic fungus
Farmers, gardeners, florists, miners
(Has a yeast form
“cigar shaped yeast” in infected tissue and a filamentous form in the environment/ lab culture media incubated at 30⁰C
Broad geographical distribution
?
Subcutaneous Mycoses 1. Sporotrichosis
Found in soil, on vegetation ; rose. ?
Sporotrichosis
occupational disease of
Farmers, gardeners, florists, miners
Sporotrichosis
Pathogenesis s:
Acquired through trauma (e.g., a thorn)
Characterized by a slowly developing small painless
nodule at the puncture site (develop 1-12 weeks after
the trauma)→ progress to a granulomatous ulcer
(local multiplication of the organism producing both pyogenic & granulomatous inflammation)
Mostly self-limited, but may persist in a chronic
form
May disseminate to distant sites in AIDS patients
Sporotrichosis
May produce secondary lesions along the draining
lymphatics
?
Sporotrichosis
Diagnosis of Sporotrichosis?
Specimen: Pus & tissue biopsy Microscopic examination: usually negative Culture
