action

Question 1

Trapezius

Answer 1

1. elevates the scapula
2. upwardly rotates the scapula
3. downwardly rotates the scapula
4. retracts scapula

Question 2

Latissimus dorsi

Answer 2

1. extends the arm (from a flexed position)
2. internally (medially) rotates the arm
3. adducts the arm
4. downwardly rotates the scapula

Question 3

Levator Scapulae

Answer 3

1. elevates the scapula
2. extends and/or laterally flexes the neck
3. assists to downwardly rotate the scapula

Question 4

Rhomboid minor

Answer 4

1. retracts the scapula
2. assists to downwardly rotate the scapula
3. eccentrically helps to control rate of scapular upward rotation during arm elevation.

Question 5

Rhomboid major

Answer 5

1. retracts the scapula
2. assists to downwardly rotate the scapula
3. eccentrically helps to control rate of scapular upward rotation during arm elevation.

Question 6

Serratus anterior

Answer 6

1. protracts the scapula
2. assists to upwardly rotate the scapula
3. Functionally prevents winging

Question 7

deltoid

Answer 7

1. anterior portion: flexes and internally rotates the arm
2. middle portion: abducts the arm
3. posterior portion: extends and externally (laterally) rotates the arm

Question 8

supraspinatus

Answer 8

1. abducts the arm (almost solely for first 20 degrees)

2. helps guide humeral head into central glenoid with elevation of shoulder

Question 9

infraspinatus

Answer 9

1. externally rotates the arm

2. helps produce inferior translation and compression into glenoid (along with the other rotator cuff muscles)

Question 10

teres minor

Answer 10

1. externally rotates the arm

2. helps produce inferior translation and compression into glenoid (along with the other rotator cuff muscles)

Question 11

teres major

Answer 11

1. internally rotates the arm
2. extends the arm (from a flexed position)
3. adducts the arm

Question 12

subscapularis

Answer 12

1. internally rotates the arm

Question 13

subclavius

Answer 13

Depression of clavicle

Question 14

pectoralis major

Answer 14

1. adducts the arm
2. internally rotates the arm
3. horizontal Adduction of arm
4. flexes the shoulder (from an extended position)
5. depresses the arm & shoulder

Question 15

pectoralis minor

Answer 15

1. depresses the scapula

2. downwardly rotates the scapula

Question 16

coracobrachialis

Answer 16

1. flexes the shoulder

2. assists to adduct the humerus

Question 17

Biceps brachii

Answer 17

1. flexes the elbow (when supinated)
2. supinates the forearm from neutral
3. flexes shoulder (when palm facing up)

Question 18

brachialis

Answer 18

flexes the elbow

Question 19

triceps brachii

Answer 19

1. long head: extends the elbow, adducts the arm, may assist in shoulder extension from a flexed position
2. lateral head: elbow extension
3. medial head: elbow extension

Question 20

anconeus

Answer 20

1. elbow extension

2. supports the elbow when in full extension

Question 21

pronator teres

Answer 21

1. pronates forearm

2. weakly flexes the elbow

Question 22

flexor carpi radialis

Answer 22

1. flexes the wrist
2. radially deviates the wrist
3. may assist to pronate the forearm

Question 23

palmaris longus

Answer 23

flexes the hand at the wrist

Question 24

flexor carpi ulnaris

Answer 24

1. flexes the wrist
2. ulnarly deviates the wrist
3. stabilizes the wrist to permit powerful thumb motion

Question 25

flexor digitorum superficialis

Answer 25

1. flexes the proximal and middle IP joints | 2. flexes the wrist if fingers are extended

Question 26

flexor digitorum profundus

Answer 26

1. flexes the distal IP joints and in so doing flexes the proximal and middle IP joints 2. flexes the wrist if fingers are extended

Question 27

flexor pollicis longus

Answer 27

1. flexes the distal phalanx of thumb | 2. flexes the other joints to the wrist (McP, CMC)

Question 28

pronator quadratus

Answer 28

pronates the forearm and hand

Question 29

brachioradialis

Answer 29

1. flexes the elbow 2. pronates the forearm when supinated 3. supinates the forearm when pronated

Question 30

extensor carpi radialis longus

Answer 30

1. extends the wrist 2. radially deviates the wrist 3. weakly flexes the elbow 4. weakly supinates the forearm

Question 31

extensor carpi radialis brevis

Answer 31

1. extends the wrist | 2. radially deviates the wrist

Question 32

extensor carpi ulnaris

Answer 32

1. extends the wrist | 2. ulnarly deviates the wrist

Question 33

extensor digitorum

Answer 33

1. extends the four medial digits 2. extends the wrist (if fingers are flexed) 3. abducts the digits (during extension)

Question 34

extensor digit minimi

Answer 34

1. extends the 5th digit | 2. abducts the 5th digit

Question 35

extensor indicis

Answer 35

1. extends the 2nd digit 2. adducts the 2nd digit 3. assists to extend the wrist 4. stabilizes McP joint for flexion of IP solely

Question 36

supinator

Answer 36

1. supinates the forearm

Question 37

extensor pollicis longus

Answer 37

1. extends distal phalanx of thumb 2. extends proximal phalanx of thumb 3. assists to extend the wrist (if fingers are flexed)

Question 38

extensor pollicis brevis

Answer 38

1. extends the proximal phalanx and 1st metacarpal of the thumb 2. radially deviates the wrist

Question 39

abductor pollicis longus

Answer 39

1. abducts the 1st metacarpal 2. assists to extend & rotate the thumb 3. radially deviates the wrist 4. flexes the wrist

Question 40

abductor digiti minimi

Answer 40

1. abducts the 5th digit | 2. assists to flex the 5th digit

Question 41

flexor digiti minimi brevis

Answer 41

flexes the 5th digit

Question 42

opponens digiti minimi

Answer 42

1. opposes 5th digit with the thumb | 2. assists to “cup the palm”

Question 43

palmar interossei (4)

Answer 43

1. adducts the fingers | 2. flexes fingers (at the McP while IP joints are extended)

Question 44

dorsal interossei (4)

Answer 44

1. abducts the fingers | 2. flexes fingers (at the McP while IP joints are extended)

Question 45

lumbricals (4)

Answer 45

1. flexes the fingers (IP joints) | 2. extends IP’s

Question 46

abductor pollicis brevis

Answer 46

1. abducts thumb 2. participates to flex the thumb 3. if attached to extensor pollicis longus, it might assist to extend the thumb

Question 47

flexor pollicis brevis

Answer 47

flexes the thumb

Question 48

opponens pollicis

Answer 48

opposes the thumb to the fingers

Question 49

adductor pollicis

Answer 49

adducts the thumb

Question 50

palmaris brevis

Answer 50

tenses the skin on the ulnar side of the palm