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A Level History: America 1865-1975 > Acts/Amendments passed > Flashcards

Acts/Amendments passed Flashcards

(82 cards)

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1
Q

Thirteenth Amendment

A

1864 - Formally freed all slaves in the USA

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2
Q

Civil Rights Bill (Reconstruction)

A

1866 - Gave minimum rights to African Americans

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3
Q

Fourteenth Amendment

A

1868 - All US citizens were guaranteed equality before the law

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4
Q

Military Reconstruction Bill

A

1867 - Imposed military rule on the South unless they accepted black suffrage and the Fourteenth amendment

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5
Q

Command of the Army Act

A

1867 - Reduced Johnson’s military power

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6
Q

Tenure of Office Act

A

1867 - Prevented Johnson from removing a host of office-holders

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7
Q

Fifteenth Amendment

A

1869 - Right to vote should not be denied on account of race, colour, or previous conditions of servitude

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8
Q

Homestead Act

A

1862 - Gave 160 acres of free land to farmers in the West provided that they farm it for five years

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9
Q

Timber and Culture Act

A

1873 - Gave an additional 160 acres of free land provided 40 acres were planted with trees

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10
Q

Desert and Land Act

A

1877 - Offered a further 640 acres of land at $1.25 dollars an acre provided some of it was irrigated

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11
Q

Pacific Railroad Act

A

1862 - Authorised the construction of a transcontinental railroad

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12
Q

Monroe Doctrine

A

1823 - US policy was to avoid involvement in European wars unless American interests were involved or threatened

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13
Q

Pendleton Act

A

1883 - Established that positions within the federal government should be awarded on the basis of merit instead of political affiliation

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14
Q

Chinese Exclusion Act

A

1882 - Prohibited Chinese immigration for 10 years

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15
Q

Dawes General Allotment Act

A

1887 - Broke up Native American reservation land into units held by individuals or families, those who accepted this and ‘adopted habits of civilised life’ would be granted citizenship after 25 years

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16
Q

Sherman Silver Purchase Act

A

1890 - Government had to buy 4.5 million ounces of silver each month to use in production of coinage

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17
Q

Sherman Anti-Trust Act

A

1890 - Any trust that restricted trade between states or between foreign nations was declared illegal

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18
Q

Hepburn Act

A

1906 - Gave federal government commission to inspect book of railroad companies and lay down maximum rates they could charge

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19
Q

Federal Reserve Act

A

1913 - Created the first central banking system in the USA

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20
Q

Clayton Anti-Trust Act

A

1914 - Gave more powers for enforcing the Sherman Anti-Trust Act and made certain business practices illegal

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21
Q

Underwood Tariff Act

A

1913 - Reduced many duties and freed certain items from duties entirely

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22
Q

Sixteenth Amendment

A

1913 - Introduced federal income tax

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23
Q

Revenue Act

A

1916 - Taxed business profits and estates as well as incomes

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24
Q

Workmen’s Compensation Act

A

1916 - Ensured federal employees absent from work because of injury/illness received financial assistance

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25
Adamson Act
1916 - Laid down a maximum 8 hour day for railroad workers
26
Seventeenth Amendment
1913 - States must elect US senators by direct popular vote
27
Eighteenth Amendment
1919 - Enforced prohibition
28
Nineteenth Amendment
1920 - Secured voting rights for women nationwide
29
Literacy Act
1917 - All foreigners wishing to enter the US had to take a literacy
30
Immigration Quota Act
1921 - This introduced a quota system, immigrants were allowed in as a proportion to the number of people of the same nationality who were in America in 1910
31
Immigration Act
1929 - Fixed immigration at 150000 per year
32
Hawley-Smoot Tariff Act
1930 - Protected US farmers by increasing import duties on foreign goods
33
Emergency Relief Act
1932 - Gave $300 million to state governments to help the unemployed
34
Agricultural Adjustment Act
1933 - Government would subsidise farmers to reduce their production voluntarily
35
Emergency Banking Relief Act
1933 - Gave the Treasury power to investigate banks threatened with collapse and the Reconstruction Finance Corporation to support them and take on their debts
36
Glass-Steagall Act
1933 - Prevented Commercial banks from involvement in banking that fuelled the 1920's speculation
37
Securities Act
1934 - Set up the SEC which would oversee the stock market activities and prevent fraudulent activities
38
National Industry Recovery Act
1933 - Introduced the National Recovery Administration and the Public Works Administration
39
Federal Emergency Relief Act
1933 - Established the FERA and was given $500 million divided between the states to help the unemployed
40
National Labor Relations Act / Wagner Act
1935 - Gave rights to employees to engage in collective bargaining for better conditions at work and take collective action including strike if necessary through TUs
41
Social Security Act
1935 - Provided old-age pensions paid by employers and employee contributions and unemployment insurance paid by payroll taxes
42
The Banking Act
1935 - Gave the federal government control of banking in the USA
43
Truman Act
1947 - Offered support to countries struggling against Communism
44
Marshall Aid
1948 - Offered $13 billion to help European countries to recover from the effects of the Second World War
45
Civil Rights Act
1964 - Banned discrimination in public places and in employment
46
Voting Rights Act
1965 - Ensured voting procedures were carried out properly
47
Freedmen's Bureau
1865 - US agency set up for a year to help former slaves, provided advise on education and employment
48
Johnson's Presidency
1865-1869
49
Command of the Army Act
1867 - Reduced Johnson's military powers
50
Order of Reconstruction
1. Presidential (Pardons and vetoes of Civ Right Act) 2. Congressional (14th Amendment, Reconstruction, TofO, CofA Acts) 3. Radical (15th Amendment)
51
Result of Johnson impeachment
One vote short of 2/3 majority needed for his impeachment
52
First stock market crash
1873
53
Ten Percent Plan
1864 - Rebel states admitted if ten percent of electorate agreed an oath of allegiance to US and supported acts of congress
54
Wade Davis Bill
1865 - 50% of electorate required to swear oath of allegiance to US, accept abolition of slavery and those in confederacy excluded from future role in government (Lincoln vetoed)
55
Why did Reconstruction lose momentum?
Mounting opposition from white terrorist groups and the 'redeemers' (Democrats in the South), support for Reconstruction in Congress reduced
56
Colfax Massacre
1873
57
How did the South get around voting laws and prevent African Americans from voting?
Literacy tests
58
Grant's Presidency
1868-1876
59
Civil Rights Act (2nd Reconstruction)
1875 - Guaranteed equal treatment in issues such as jury service and public transport
60
Compromise of 1877
Hayes agreed to remove federal troops from the South if he became president
61
Why did the compromise of 1877 end Reconstruction?
It removed forces which were intended to implement the principles of the 14th and 15th Amendments
62
Hayes' Presidency
1876-1880
63
Garfield's assassination
1881
64
Arthur's Presidency
1881-1884
65
Cleveland's Presidencies
1884-1888, 1892-1896
66
Harrison's Presidency
1888-1892
67
How many immigrants between 1860-90?
10 million
68
Great Railroad Strike
1877
69
How many universities for African Americans were set up between 1866-68
3
70
First Transcontinental Railroad completed
1869
71
Oklahoma Land Rush
1889
72
Difference in Native American population between 1860 and 1890
From 500,000, to almost half that
73
Steel production 1875 to 1900
360,000 tons to 60 million tons
74
Manifest Destiny
Idea of America's right to become a continental nation fro sea to sea
75
Purchase of Alaska
1867
76
How much did the US buy Alaska for?
$7.2 million
77
Sand Creek massacre
1864 - Killing and mutilating of mainly elderly men, women and children
78
Battle of the Little Bighorn
1876 - Defeat of US army
79
Wounded Knee
1890 - Massacre of 150+ Native Americans
80
The Great Sioux War
1876 - Discovery of Gold in Black Hills, government failed to keep prospectors out, tried to offer $6 mil for Black Hills, thought Native Americans were being unreasonable, those who didn't return to reservations treated as hostile
81
Haymarket Bomb
1886 - 11 killed
82
Turner Thesis
1893 - End of the frontier, America had become a nation sea to sea

A Level History: America 1865-1975 (26 decks)

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