Acute Inflammation - Cells Flashcards

Question

Mast Cell: Characteristics:

Answer 1

Two types: 1. Connective tissue 2. Mucosal * Prominent at sites of allergic reactions or parasitic infections * possess membrane receptors for IgE * Functionally very similar to basophils * mst cells produce greater numners / varieties of mediators * Often Present in conjunction with eosinophils

Answer 2

4-12 week lifespan depending on location and situation residents in the tissue

Answer 3

Effects include bronchoconstriction, vasodilation, and ECM degradation

Answer 4

* Chemotactic Factors * Eosinophils, neutrophils, and macrophages * Arachidonic Acid Metabolites * LTC4, PGD2, TXA2, and PAF * Cytokines * TNFa * Chemokines

Answer 5

* A group of cells that compose the mononuclear phagocytic system * This group of cells consists of both circulating and fixed populations * Circulating component: * monocyte * Emigrated monocyte: * Macrophage * Fixed macrophage components include: * Dendritic cells * Sinusoidal macrophages of bone marrow and lymphoid * Kupffer cells of the liver * Alveolar macrophages * Microglia of hte CNS * Medangial macrophages of renal glomeruli * Peritoneal macrophages

Answer 6

* 12-15 micron diameter * round to oval, slightly indented nucleus * Cytoplasmic granules * Abundant cellular organelles

Answer 7

* Source of macrophges and dendritic cells * replenich resident tissue macrophages and dendritic cells * physiologic * Subsets fo monocytes or certain types of stimuli will drive differentiation into dendritic cells * Emigrate in response to inflammatory stimuli

Answer 8

* Circulate for approximately 1-3 days in blood * Approximately half of the circulating monocytes are sequestered in the spleen * Slower to emigrate than neutorphils * Emigrate mainly after 24-48 hours

Answer 9

* Derived form monocytes * These emigrate in response to physiologic cytokines * They also replicate locally wihtin the tissues to maintain the fixed population * Form the nononuclear-phagocyte system * located at sites where microbial invasion is most likely * Often the first inflammatory cell to recognize invasion by a microbe or foreign material * Contribute to both inflammation and immunity * Innate: * monokines and otehr macrophage products contribute to innate immunity and inflammation * Acquired: * macrophages and dendritic cells are important antigen presenting cells in immunity

Answer 10

* Process and present antigen to T-lymphocytes * Capture antigen and migrate to areas with T-lymphocytes * Express MHC-2 class molecules and T-lymphocyte receptors * Non-phagocytic * Several Different phenotypes have been described

Answer 11

* Derived form and maintained by blood monocytes * emigrates in response to physiological stimuli

Answer 12

* 20-50 micron diameter * Round to oval, slightly indented nucleus * Cytoplasmic granules * Abundant cellular organelles * Much more pleomorphic than monocytes

Answer 13

* They are highly sophisticated and multifunctional cells * Cellular respiration is mainly aerobic * contain abundant mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum * They are important for both inflammatory and immunologic events * THey are critical components of chonic inflammation and healing * Various subtypes exist: * inflammatory * anti-inflammatory * Regulatory * Healing * Differentiation is dietermined by the local environment

Answer 14

* Derived from monocytes: * the bone marrow reserve pool is much smaller than that for neutrophils * Monocytes circulate for 1-3 days * Macrophages have life span of a week to possibly several months * highly dependent on the local cytokine environment * Can be divide locally at an inflammatory site

Answer 15

* These are considered the second line of defense after neutrophils * generally incease in number the longer the inflammatory stimulus persists * More efficient and multipurposed phagocytes than neutrophils * play more of a scavenger role

Answer 16

* Lysosomal enzymes * similar components as neutrophils but lack myeloperoxidase * Oxygen metabolites * Complement compounds * Arachidonic Acid metabolites * Monokines * regulatory and inflammatory * Inflammatory inhibitors * Coagulation Factors

Answer 17

* They play a prominent role when inflammation becomes chronic

Answer 18

* they contribute to both inate and acquired immunity * necessary for antigen processing and presentation to lymphocytes * express MHC-2 * Monokines have immunoregulatory functions * Macrophages can be cytotoxic and have antiviral and antitumor activity * They are important components fo cell-mediated immunity

Answer 19

* 7-10 micron diameter * Prominent, round nucleus * Cytoplasm is sparse

Answer 20

* There are three major types * B-lymphocytes * T-lymphocytes * Natural killer cells * Responsible for immunity * NK cells - innate * T - acquired * B - acquired * They are present in the circulation, and present in large numbers in lymphoid tissues

Answer 21

* cytotoxic cells of innate immunity * respond to altered MHC-1 molecules or stress associated proteins on target cells * Prior sensitization is not necessary * Similar function as cytotoxic t-lymphocytes of the acquired response * Lysis of target cells is mediated by perforins and granzyme * Early responder to virus-infected or tumor cells

Answer 22

* Defined by expression of the antigen binding T-cell receptor * Classified mainly by expression of either CD4 or CD8 molecues * CD4+ helper T-lymphocytes * recognize antigen bound to MHC-2 molecules * Produce lymphokines to promote either cell-mediated antibody or immunosuppressive responses * CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocytes * recognize antigen bound to MHC-1 molecules * Bind and lyse altered cells

Answer 23

* Responsible for humoral immunity * Defined by membrane-bound immunoglobulin which binds antigen * immunoglobulin is antigen-specific * Immunoglobulin interacts with soluble antigens * Differentiate into antibody-producing plasma cells following stimulation

Answer 24

* Circulate throughout the body and localize in tissues to “scan” the host environment for invaders, non-self antigens, or altered self antigen * Emigrate later than neutrophils or macrophages * often 48 hours or more after the initial stimuli

Answer 25

* Production of immunoglobulins * important opsonins * Produced by plasma cells * Production of lymphokines * regulate many inflammatory events * cell growth and differentiation * chemotaxis * Macrophage function * Innate responses * NK cells

Answer 26

* Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes

Answer 27

Interactions with macrophages

Answer 28

* Primary role in hemostasis * Inflammatory roles include: * secretion of granule content * histamine and serotonin * Platelet factor 4 * Hydrolytic and proteolytic enzymes * weakly phagocytic

Answer 29

* Forms blood vessels and drives hemostasis * Inflammatory Functions include * retraction to initiate increased vascular permeability * Receptor-mediated adhesion to leukocytes * E-selectin, PECAM-1, ICAM-1, VCAM-1 * Production of inflammatory mediators * Arachidonic metabolites * PGI2, TXA2 * Coagulation factors * TF, Von Willebrands factor * Plasminogen activator * Interleukins * IL-1

Acute Inflammation - Cells Flashcards

(53 cards)