Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) Flashcards
(13 cards)
What is the definition of myocardial infarction?
Irreversible myocardial necrosis due to prolonged ischemia.
What are the two classifications of myocardial infarction based on ECG and cause?
STEMI (transmural infarct, complete occlusion) and NSTEMI (subendocardial infarct, partial occlusion)
How can myocardial infarction be classified by location?
Anterior, inferior, lateral, posterior
What are the types of myocardial infarction according to the 4th Universal Definition?
- Type I: spontaneous atherothrombotic
- Type II: supply-demand mismatch
- Type III: sudden cardiac death
- Type IV–V: related to PCI/CABG
What are common clinical features of myocardial infarction?
- Chest pain >20 min, radiating to jaw/left arm
- Sweating
- Nausea
- Dyspnea
- Sense of doom
- May be silent in diabetics or elderly
What ECG findings are indicative of myocardial infarction?
ST elevation or depression, Q waves
When do troponins I/T typically elevate after a myocardial infarction?
Elevated within 3–6 hrs
What does an echocardiogram show in the context of myocardial infarction?
Wall motion abnormalities
What does the acronym MONA-BS stand for in immediate treatment for myocardial infarction?
- Morphine (2–5 mg IV)
- Oxygen (if SpO₂ <90%)
- Nitroglycerin (sublingual 0.4 mg or IV)
- Aspirin (loading 160–325 mg)
- Beta-blocker (e.g., metoprolol 5 mg IV)
- Statin (e.g., atorvastatin 80 mg)
What is the recommended reperfusion therapy for myocardial infarction?
Primary PCI within 90 min or Fibrinolysis (e.g., alteplase, tenecteplase) if PCI not available
What are the long-term treatments recommended after myocardial infarction?
- DAPT (aspirin + clopidogrel/ticagrelor)
- ACEI (e.g., ramipril)
- Statin
- Beta-blocker
Fill in the blank: Myocardial infarction can be classified by type as Type I, Type II, Type III, and Type _____ related to PCI/CABG.
IV–V
True or False: Chest pain lasting less than 20 minutes is a common feature of myocardial infarction.
False
