Primary Arterial Hypertension Flashcards
(24 cards)
What is Primary Arterial Hypertension?
Chronic elevation of blood pressure (≥140/90 mmHg) without identifiable secondary cause; also called essential hypertension
Primary arterial hypertension is a common condition that can lead to serious health complications.
What is a common nickname for Primary Arterial Hypertension?
Silent killer
This term reflects the often asymptomatic nature of the condition.
What are severe symptoms of Primary Arterial Hypertension?
- Headaches
- Dizziness
- Palpitations
- Blurred vision
These symptoms may indicate significant elevation in blood pressure.
What are long-term complications of untreated Primary Arterial Hypertension?
- Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH)
- Heart failure
- Chronic kidney disease (CKD)
- Stroke
These complications highlight the importance of managing blood pressure effectively.
What ECG changes are associated with Primary Arterial Hypertension?
- Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH)
- Left axis deviation
LVH can be assessed using the Sokolow-Lyon criteria.
What is the Sokolow-Lyon criteria for LVH?
S in V1 + R in V5/V6 > 35 mm
This criteria helps in diagnosing left ventricular hypertrophy on ECG.
What ultrasound changes may be seen in Primary Arterial Hypertension?
- Concentric LVH
- Diastolic dysfunction
- Aortic root dilatation
These changes reflect the structural and functional alterations in the heart due to hypertension.
What are first-line lifestyle modifications for treating Primary Arterial Hypertension?
- DASH diet
- Reduce salt (<2.3g/day)
- Weight loss
- Exercise
- Alcohol reduction
These modifications can significantly lower blood pressure and improve overall health.
Name a class of pharmacologic treatment for Primary Arterial Hypertension.
Thiazide diuretics
Examples include hydrochlorothiazide and chlorthalidone.
What are examples of ACE inhibitors used in treating Primary Arterial Hypertension?
- Enalapril
- Lisinopril
ACE inhibitors help relax blood vessels and lower blood pressure.
What are examples of ARBs used in treating Primary Arterial Hypertension?
- Losartan
- Valsartan
ARBs block the effects of angiotensin II, which can constrict blood vessels.
What are examples of Calcium Channel Blockers (CCB) used in treating Primary Arterial Hypertension?
- Amlodipine
- Nifedipine
CCBs help to relax blood vessels and decrease heart rate.
Are beta-blockers considered first-line treatment for Primary Arterial Hypertension?
No, unless there is a specific indication
Examples of beta-blockers include metoprolol and bisoprolol.
What is the definition of Secondary Hypertension?
Hypertension due to an identifiable, treatable cause (~5–10% of cases).
What are the renal causes of Secondary Hypertension?
- CKD
- Renal artery stenosis
What are the endocrine causes of Secondary Hypertension?
- Primary aldosteronism (Conn syndrome)
- Pheochromocytoma
- Cushing’s syndrome
- Thyroid/parathyroid disorders
What drugs can cause Secondary Hypertension?
- NSAIDs
- Steroids
- Oral contraceptives
What are some other causes of Secondary Hypertension?
- Coarctation of the aorta
- Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)
What are the clinical features of Secondary Hypertension?
- Resistant HTN
- Onset <30 or >55 years
- Hypokalemia (in Conn syndrome)
- Palpitations, headaches, diaphoresis (in pheochromocytoma)
- Abdominal bruit (renal artery stenosis)
What is a common treatment approach for Secondary Hypertension?
Address underlying cause
What medication is used for hyperaldosteronism in Secondary Hypertension?
Spironolactone
What type of blockers are used for pheochromocytoma pre-op?
Alpha-blockers (e.g., phenoxybenzamine)
What surgical options are available for treating Secondary Hypertension?
- Adrenalectomy
- Angioplasty
True or False: BP control in Secondary Hypertension is managed the same way as in primary HTN.
True
