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AY Ophthalmology > Acute red eye > Flashcards

Acute red eye Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

hat coniditons can cause a red eye?

A 
Conjunctivitis 
Keratits 
Anterior uveitis 
Acleritis/Episcleritis 
Acute close angle glaucoma 
Subconjunctival haemorrhage 
Orbital disease (e.g. cellulitis)
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2
Q

What is the most common cause of a red eye?

A

Conjunctivitis

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3
Q

What is secreted from the lids in defence?

A

Mebomian

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4
Q

What is blepharitis?

A

Inflamed eyelids

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5
Q

What is a sty?

A

Staph infection involving the lash follicle

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6
Q

How do differentiate between anterior & posterior blepharitis?

A

Anterior - seborrhoeic scales on the lashed, lid margin redder than deeper part of lid

Posterior - redness is in deeper part of lid, lid margin often quite normal looking

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7
Q

What causes posterior blepharitis?

A

Meibomian gland dysfunction

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8
Q

Symptoms of blepharitis

A

Similar to conjunctivitis
Gritty eyes
Foreign body sensation
Mild discharge

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9
Q

What other causes of red eye is blepharitis associated with?

A

Conjunctivitis
Keratitis
Episcleritis

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10
Q

Signs of seborrhoeic anterior blepharitis

A

Lid margin red
Scales ++
Dandruff +
(No ulceration, lashes unaffected)

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11
Q

Sign of staphylococcal anterior blepharitis

A 
Lid margin red 
Lashes distorted, loss of lashes, ingrowing lashes 
Styes ulcer of lid margin 
Corneal staining 
Marginal ulcers (due to axotoxin)
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12
Q

Signs of posterior blepharitis

A

Lid margin skin and lashes unaffected
MG openingspouting & swollen
Inspissated (dried) secretion at gland openings
Meibomian cysts (chalazia)

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13
Q

What is posterior blepharitis associated with?

A

Acne Rosacea (50%) `

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14
Q

Management of Blepharitis

A

Lid hygiene - daily bathing/warm compresses
Supplementary tear drops
Oral doxycyine for 2-3 mnths

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15
Q

Infective causes of conjunctivitis

A

Viral
Bacterial
Chylamydial

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16
Q

Non-infective causes of conjunctivitis

A

Allergic
Chemical/drugs
Skin diseases - eczema

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17
Q

Symptoms of conjunctivitis

A 
Red eye 
Foreign body sensation (gritty eye) 
Discharge - sticky eye 
Itch = allergy
VISION UNAFFECTED
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18
Q

Signs of conjunctivitis

A 
Red eye 
Discharge
Papillae or follicles 
Sub conjunctival haemorrhage 
Chemosis
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19
Q

Which glands may be enlarged in viral conjunctivitis?

A

Pre-auricular glands

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20
Q

How long does acute bacterial conjunctivitis take to clear up without treatment?

A

14 days

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21
Q

What are the most common causative organism of acute bacterial conjunctivitis?

A

Staph. aureus
Strep. pneumoniae
H. influenzae

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22
Q

What causes follicular conjunctivitis?

Study These Flashcards
A

Viral (adeno, HS, HZ)
Chlamydial
Drugs (e.g. propine, trusopt)

23
Q

Causes of chronic conjunctivitis

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A

Blepharitis
Chlamydial infection
Keratoconjunctivitis sicca
Lacrimal disease (chronic dacryocysitis)
Sensitivity to topical glaucoma medication
Sub-tarsal foreign body

24
Q

How long does conjunctivitis have to last for to be termed chronic?

25
What are the 3 layers of the cornea?
Epithelium Stroma Endothelium
26
Causes of central cornea ulcers?
Viral Fungal Bacterial Acanthamoeba
27
Causes of peripheral corneal ulcers
RA | Hypersensitivity e.g. marginal ulcers)
28
Symptoms of corneal ulcer
``` Pain + Photophobia Profuse lacrimation Vision may be reduced Circumcorneal red eye ```
29
Signs of corneal ulcer?
``` Redness Corneal reflex (reflection abnormal) Corneal opacity Staining with luroscein Hypopyon ```
30
Causes of exposure keratitis
Thyroid | VII palsy
31
In what condition does keratoconjunctivitis sicca occur?
Sjogren's
32
What can cause neutrophic keratitis?
Herpes zoster V1
33
Deficiency of which vitamin can causes corneal ulcers?
Vitamin A
34
Investigation for corneal ulcers?
'Corneal scrape'[ for gram stain & culture
35
Treatment of bacterial infected corneal ulcer?
Antimicrobial (e.g.ofloxacin hourly)
36
Treatment of herpetic corneal ulcer
Aciclovir ointment 5 x day
37
Autoimmune causes of anterior uveitis
Reiter's UC Ankylosing spondylitis Sarcoidosis
38
Infective causes of anterior uveitis
TB Syphylis Herpes Simplex Herpes Zoster
39
Malignant cause of anterior uveitis
Leukemia
40
Symptoms of anterior uveitis
Achy pain (+ referred pain) Vision may be reduced Photophobia Red eye (circumcorneal)
41
Signs of anterior uveitis
``` Ciliary injection Cells & flare in anterior chamber Keratic precipitates Hypopyn Synechia (small or irregular pupil) ```
42
Management of anterior uveitis
Topical steroids (pred forte 1% hourly tapering over 4-8 weeks) Mydriatics Investigate for systemic associations
43
What is episcleritis associated with?
Gout
44
Management of episcleritis
Self limiting | Lubricants/topical NSAIDs/ mild steroids
45
Which is more serious scleritis or episcleritis?
Scleritis
46
What is scleritis associated with?
Serious systemic vasculitides (e.g. RA, Wegners)
47
Presentation of scleritis
PAINFUL + | Injection of deep vascular plexus - violaceous hue
48
What other eye condition is scleritis commonly associated with?
Uveitis
49
What test can be used to confirm scleritis?
Phenylephrine test
50
Treatment of scleritis
Oral NSAIDs Oral Steroids Steroid sparing agents
51
WHat is acute closed angle galucoma?
IOP rises acutely due to drainage angle being closed
52
Features of glaucoma
``` Circumcorneal injection Cornea cloudy Pupil middilated Eye stony hard Severe pain + nausea ```
53
Which individuals are particularly predisposed to acute closed angle galucoma?
Elderly | Hypermetropic
54
What wrrants an urgent referral in a red eye?
Vision affected | Marked photophobia

AY Ophthalmology (10 decks)

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