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Y2 Ophthalmology > Acute Red Eye > Flashcards

Acute Red Eye Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

what is the pathology of anterior uveitis

A

increased protein in aqueous humour obscures vision

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2
Q

what is seen on examination in anterior uveitis

A

hypopyon, synechiae, keratic precipitates, circumconreal redness

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3
Q

what is iritis

A

anterior uveitis

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4
Q

what is the general presentation of anterior uveitis

A

photophobia, pain, +- decreased vision

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5
Q

what is the management of anterior uveits

A

TOP CCS pred forte + mydriatic cyclopentolate

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6
Q

what is the most likely cause of bilateral orbital cellulitis

A

n. gonorrhoea

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7
Q

what ages are affected by orbital cellulitis

A

children or adults

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8
Q

what is the important differentiation in cellulitis on the face

A

orbital or preseptal since orbital is sight threatening

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9
Q

what scan is required for orbital cellulitis

A

CT to find abscess

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10
Q

what is the management of an orbital abscess

A

drainage

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11
Q

what is the presentation of orbital cellulitis

A

pain on eye movement, proptosis, pyrexia, red swelling

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12
Q

what is the management of orbital cellulitis

A

drain + ceftriaxone (anaerobes) + fluclox (s. aureus) + metronidazole

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13
Q

what is blepharitis

A

inflamed eyelid/eyelash

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14
Q

what is seborrhoeic blepharitis

A

scales on lashes

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15
Q

what is staph blepharitis

A

eyelash follicle infection

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16
Q

what is the presentation of blepharitis

A

gritty/foreign body sensation, discharge

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17
Q

what is the presentation of staph blepharitis

A

red lid margin, trichiasis, stye, marginal ulcer

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18
Q

what condition is linked to Meibomian gland dysfunction

A

acne rosacea

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19
Q

what is the management of blepharitis

A

PO doxycycline

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20
Q

what type of conjunctivitis causes preauricular lymph node swelling

A

adenovirus

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21
Q

what is the aetiology of conjunctivitis

A

skin disease, sicca, bacteria, virus, dacrocystitis, allergy, foreign body, glaucoma medication SE, pemphigoid

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22
Q

what types of conjunctivitis are follicular

A

viral and chlamydia

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23
Q

what differentiates viral and bacterial conjunctivitis

A

viral; watery discharge, follicles

bacterial; pus, papillae

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24
Q

is vision affected by conjunctivitis

A

no

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25
what is the presentation of chlamydia conjunctivitis
bilateral rice grains, subtarsal scar, follicles, +- chronic
26
what diagnostic tool might be used for conjunctivitis
swab
27
what is the 1st line treatment for bacterial conjunctivits
TOP ABx chloramphenicol
28
what is a common side effect of chloramphenicol
allergy
29
what antibiotic is given for bacterial conjunctivitis if chloramphenicol is contraindicated
fusidic acid
30
what is the management of chlamydia conjunctivis
TOP oxytetracycline
31
what is the management of viral conjunctivitis
TOP acyclovir
32
what vitamin deficiency can cause corneal ulcers
Vit A
33
what are some causes of corneal ulcers
sicca, autoimmune, infection, thyroid, Steven Johnson synd,
34
what is Hutchison's sign
zoster on nose
35
what causes dendritic corneal ulcers
herpes zoster
36
what is used to see dendritic corneal ulcers
fluorescein dye
37
what is keratitis
corneal inflam
38
what is the presentation of a corneal ulcer caused by adenovirus
bilateral, recent URTI
39
what investigations are used for keratitis
fluroescein dye and corneal scape for culture
40
what is the presentation of staph keratitis/corneal ulcer
acute red eye, decreased vision, hypopyon
41
what is the management of bacterial keratitis
admit for hourly ofloxacin
42
what is the management of herpetic keratitis
TOP acyclovir and NO CCS (corneal melt)
43
what is the management of keratitis caused by adenovirus
self limiting
44
what is the management of autoimmune keratitis
TOP/PO CCS
45
what is chorioretinitis
choroid and retina inflam
46
what are some causes of chorioretinitis
CMV, toxoplasma protozoa, toxocara nematode
47
what is a common cause of endophthalmitis
conjunctival commensal s. epidermidis causes intra-ocular infection post surgery
48
what is the general presentation of endophthalmitis
very painful, decreasing vision
49
what is diagnostic of endophthalmitis
aqueous/vitreous culture
50
what is the management of endophthalmitis
intravitreal antibiotic e.g. vancomycin + TOP antibiotic
51
what conditions are associated with scleritis
anterior uveitis and autoimmune conditions
52
what is the presentation of scleritis
diffuse scleral redness, pain, violaceous hue, headache
53
what test is used for scleritis
phenylephrine test
54
what is the management of scleritis
PO CCS
55
what is the presentation of episcleritis
recurrent localised scleral redness +- gout
56
what is the management of episcleritis
self limiting +- TOP NSAID
57
what are the complications of orbital cellulitis
blind, brain abscess, intraocular abscess
58
what is the cause of orbital cellulits
infection spread form paranasal sinuses
59
what are the common infecting organisms in orbital cellulitis
s. aureus, haemophilus, s. pneumoniae
60
are corneal ulcers / keratitis painful?
needle like pain
61
which viruses can cause corneal ulcers / keratitis
herpes zoster, adenovirus

Y2 Ophthalmology (9 decks)

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