ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME (ARDS)

Question 1

What is hyaline membrane

Question 2

Causes of ARDS are classified as?

Answer 2

Direct causes
Indirect causes

Question 3

Direct causes of ARDS

Answer 3

Pneumonia
SARS COV 2
Lung contusion
Near Drowning
Smoke inhalation

Question 4

Indirect causes of ARDS

Answer 4

Sepsis
Pancreatitis
Long bone fractures
Transfusion associated lung injury (TRALI)
Drugs (cocaine/ opioids)

Question 5

What is ARDS

Answer 5

Acute respiratory distress syndrome
Characterized by acute onset of respiratory failure symptoms and diffuse alveolar destruction

Question 6

What is surfactant

Answer 6

Secreted by type II pneumocytes to reduce surface tension (collapsing force) of the alveolar

Question 7

What is Berlin criteria

Answer 7

Used to diagnose ARDS

Question 8

Berlin criteria includes;

Answer 8

1) Acute Respiratory Failure symptoms
2) Onset
Acute; within 7 days of injury or presenting with new symptoms or progressive old symptoms
3) Imaging
Bilateral opacities (white outs)
4) Oxygenation & Perfusion
P/F ratio >300 Normal
P/F ratio=200-300 Mild ARDS
P/F ratio=100-200 Moderate ARDS
P/F ratio <100 Severe ARDS
4) Non cardiogenic cause

Question 9

Types of ARDS

Answer 9

1) MILD
P/F ratio=200-300
2) MODERATE
P/F ratio=100-200
3) SEVERE
P/F ratio <100

Question 10

Symptoms of ARDS

Answer 10

Cyanosis
Tachypnea
Tachycardia
Crackles
Hypoxia
Pulmonary edema