Acutely Ill Child

Question 1

why is airway resuscitation harder in babies?

Answer 1

their larynx is more anterior

they have a floppy epiglottis

Question 2

what is a baby’s blood vol per kilo?

Answer 2

80mls per kilo

Question 3

why do transfusions need to be small?

Answer 3

they have smaller blood volumes

Question 4

most common causes of mortality in babies?

Answer 4

prematurity

infection

Question 5

most common child presentation?

Answer 5

respiratory eg bronchiolitis, URTI, croup

Question 6

most common GI child presentation

Answer 6

gastroenteritis

Question 7

most common neuro child presentation is

Answer 7

epilepsy

seizures

Question 8

commonest chronic condition in children?

Answer 8

seizures/epilepsy

Question 9

commonest acute presentation in children?

Answer 9

sepsis

Question 10

symptoms of sepsis are

Answer 10

vomit
rash
fever
malaise

Question 11

what kind of antibiotics should be used in kids with sepsis and why?

Answer 11

broad spec as the cause of sepsis in kids is usually viral

Question 12

what percentage of bronchiolitis cases are cause by RSV?

Answer 12

70%

Question 13

treatment for bronchiolitis?

Answer 13

supportive - o2, ng feeding, fluids

Question 14

proper name for croup is

Answer 14

laryngotracheobronchitis

Question 15

is croup viral or bacterial?

Answer 15

viral

Question 16

what is distended in croup and why?

Answer 16

hypopharynx as kids are trying desperately to get air in

Question 17

treatment for croup?

Answer 17

steroids

Question 18

age range for pneumonia?

Answer 18

any age

Question 19

is encephalitis usually caused by a bacteria or virus?

Answer 19

viral

Question 20

how should an x ray of a suspected case of foreign body inhalation?

Answer 20

take 2 planes

Question 21

presentation of foreign body inhalation?

Answer 21

acute onset resp distress and bloody sputum sometimes

Question 22

investigation into CNS problems in kids

Answer 22

lumbar puncture

imaging

Question 23

what test can be done to test if a rash is purpuric or not?

Answer 23

tumbler test- press a glass on it to see if it blanches

Question 24

cause of asthma exacerbations in summer and winter?

Answer 24

summer= hayfever
winter= URTI

Question 25

what is purpuric rash a symptom of?

Answer 25

meningococcal septicaemia

Question 26

what should you get parents to do when their child has seizures?

Answer 26

video it

Question 27

presentation of febrile seizure?

Answer 27

seizures in response to a fever in kids under 5

Question 28

how do you treat a febrile seizure?

Answer 28

reassurance

Question 29

cause of a noxious seizure?

Answer 29

noxious stimulus eg upset, angry

Question 30

what causes a vasovagal episode?

Answer 30

drop in BP due to failure of the ANS

Question 31

cause of fits?

Answer 31

``` febrile seizures vasovagal episode reflex anoxic seizures breath holding attacks behavioural episodes epilepsy arrhythmia ```

Question 32

causes of GI obstruction in children?

Answer 32

congenital pyloric stenosis volvulus intussusception malrotation

Question 33

cause of a UTI in kids?

Answer 33

abnormal renal tract

Question 34

most common arrhythmia in kids?

Answer 34

SVT

Question 35

main chemical receptors in mental health?

Answer 35

serotonin | dopamine

Question 36

commonest reason for a cute illness in children?

Answer 36

sepsis

Question 37

commonest cause of illness in teens?

Answer 37

trauma

Question 38

how does the heart rate, resp rate and blood pressure of a child compare to an adult?

Answer 38

HR + RR = higher | BP = lower

Question 39

maximum amount of time you can wait to respond to paediatric sepsis?

Answer 39

1hr

Question 40

what ml and conc of fluid should you give a child in sepsis?

Answer 40

20ml/kg of 0.9% saline

Question 41

what 2 problems directly cause circulatory failure?

Answer 41

fluid loss | fluid maldistribution

Question 42

example of fluid maldistribution?

Answer 42

cardiac problems septic shock anaphylaxis

Question 43

2 causes of respiratory failure?

Answer 43

respiratory distress | respiratory depression

Question 44

causes of respiratory distress in children?

Answer 44

foreign body croup asthma

Question 45

is resp or cardiac failure worse?

Answer 45

cardiac

Question 46

how can respiratory failure progress to cardiac failure?

Answer 46

can lead to cardiac arrest which causes cardiac failure

Question 47

what would you see on an ECG of a kid with cardiac arrest

Answer 47

asystole

Question 48

why cant kids be shocked?

Answer 48

dont get VF

Question 49

at what age should you start tilting the head in CPR?

Answer 49

1yr

Question 50

what kinds of recession can a child present with?

Answer 50

sternal subcostal intercostal

Question 51

best "C" test in ABCDE for kids?

Answer 51

cap refill

Question 52

pathway of symptoms for croup?

Answer 52

cold then barking cough then strudor

Question 53

treatment for croup?

Answer 53

steroids

Question 54

how can you assess if a child is dehydrated?

Answer 54

``` sunken fontanelle if baby skin turgor reduced urine output shock altered conciousness dried mucus membranes ```

Question 55

decerebrate is worse than decorborate positioning in brainstem damage : T or F

Answer 55

T

Question 56

what should you do if you suspect brainstem damage in a child?

Answer 56

CT brain | ventilation

Question 57

difference between decerebrate and decorticate rigidity on appearance?

Answer 57

in decorticate the arms are flexed whereas the arms at the side in decerebrate