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child and family > acutely ill child - CNS > Flashcards

acutely ill child - CNS Flashcards

1
Q

what is encephalitis

A

inflammation of the brain

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2
Q

most common cause of encephalitis

A

HSV

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3
Q

investigation of encephalitis

A

lumbar puncture and imaging

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4
Q

management of encephalitis

A

aciclovir

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5
Q

most common bacterial cause of meningitis in neonates

A

group B strep

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6
Q

2 causes of bacterial meningitis in adults and children

A

strep pneumo and neisseria meningitidis

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7
Q

name 3 viral causes of meningitis

A

HSV
enterovirus
varicella zoster

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8
Q

clinical sign of meningococcal septicaemia

A

non-blanching rash

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9
Q

symptoms of meningitis

A

stiff neck, photophobia, fever, headache

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10
Q

investigation for meningitis

A

lumbar puncture

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11
Q

management of bacterial meningitis < 3 months

A

cefotaxime + amoxicillin

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12
Q

management of bacterial meningitis >3 months

A

ceftriaxone

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13
Q

what is a febrile seizure

A

happens in children with a high fever

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14
Q

who gets febrile siezures

A

6 months - 5 years

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15
Q

management of febrile seizure

A

control fever with paracetamol + ibuprofen

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16
Q

what is the most common cause of syncope in children

A

vasovagal episode

17
Q

name some causes of a vasovagal episode

A

prolonged standing, emotional stress, pain, the sight of blood

18
Q

symptoms associated with fainting in a vagovasal episode

A

pallor, sweating, nausea

19
Q

who usually gets breath holding attacks

A

6-18 months

20
Q

what might cause a reflex anoxic seizure

A

minor bump to the head

21
Q

pathophysiology of reflex anoxic seizures

A

vagus nerve sends a strong signal to the heart that causes it to stop beating, restarts within 30 seconds

22
Q

what are epileptic seizures

A

transient episodes of abnormal activity in the brain

23
Q

investigations for epileptic seizures

A

EEG, MRI brain

child and family (11 decks)

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