physiology

Question 1

what does attachment theory suggest

Answer 1

the most important predictor of personality development is the child’s early relationship with their primary caregiver

Question 2

what are the 4 stages of attachment

Answer 2

asocial stage
indiscriminate attachment
specific attachments
multiple attachments

Question 3

how long does the asocial stage last

Answer 3

0-6 weeks

Question 4

how long does indiscriminate attachment last

Answer 4

6 weeks to 7 months

Question 5

how long does the specific attachments stage last for

Answer 5

7-11 months

Question 6

name the 3 main attachment styles

Answer 6

secure
ambivalent
avoidant

Question 7

view of self with people with insecure avoidant attachment

Answer 7

unloved, self-reliant

Question 8

view of others with people with insecure avoidant attachment

Answer 8

rejective, controlling, intrusive

Question 9

name some characteristic behaviours of someone with insecure avoidant attachment style

Answer 9

avoid intimacy
hard to engage
‘cold’
don’t feel a huge need for other people

Question 10

self view of a person with insecure ambivalent attachment

Answer 10

low value, ineffective, dependent

Question 11

view of others in a person with insecure ambivalent attachment

Answer 11

insensitive, unpredictable, unreliable

Question 12

characteristic behaviours of someone with insecure ambivalent attachment

Answer 12

disruptive, attention seeking
can alternate between friendly charm and hostile affection
antisocial behaviour and impulsivity

Question 13

what is a secure base

Answer 13

the attachment figure/relationship which provides a safe space from which to explore the world

Question 14

what is a safe haven

Answer 14

the attachment figure/relationship that provides a safe space to retreat to at times of danger or anxiety

Question 15

what is attunement

Answer 15

process between caregiver and infant in which they are able to ‘tune in’ to each other’s physical and emotional states

Question 16

benefit of attunement

Answer 16

infants learn to manage stress and anxiety

Question 17

what is temperament

Answer 17

the basic foundation of personality

Question 18

what are the 4 types of temperament

Answer 18

easy
difficult
slow to warm up
no category

Question 19

indication of the onset of puberty in females

Answer 19

breast buds

Question 20

indication of the onset of puberty in males

Answer 20

increase in testicular volume

Question 21

average age of onset of puberty

Answer 21

11 for females and 6 months later for males

Question 22

what is used to stage puberty

Answer 22

tanner staging

Question 23

what is true central precocious puberty

Answer 23

normal pubertal development occurring early
<8 in girls, <9 in boys

Question 24

pubertal delay

Answer 24

absence of secondary sexual development in girls aged 13 and boys aged 14

Question 25

why are boys usually taller than girls

Answer 25

more testosterone and delayed peak height velocity

Question 26

define short stature

Answer 26

less than 2nd centile or > 2SDs below mid-parental height

Question 27

define adolescence

Answer 27

10-19 years

Question 28

define youth

Answer 28

15-24 years

Question 29

define young people

Answer 29

10-24 years

Question 30

basic tool used to asses developmental stage

Answer 30

STEP

Question 31

what does STEP stand for

Answer 31

sexual maturation and growth
thinking
education/employment
peers/parents

Question 32

what is a sweaty baby a sign of

Answer 32

cardiac problem

Question 33

what are the 3 main factors that influence development

Answer 33

genetic
environmental
nutritional

Question 34

direction of motor development in children

Answer 34

cephalocaudal

Question 35

what are the 4 main areas of child development

Answer 35

gross motor
fine motor and vision
language and hearing
social behaviour and play

Question 36

what are developmental milestones

Answer 36

key stage when a new skill is developed

Question 37

what is the median age in development

Answer 37

the age when 50% of the population achieve a skill

Question 38

what is the limit age in development

Answer 38

the age when the skill should have been acquired by 97.5% of children

Question 39

why is it important that primitive motor reflexes are lost

Answer 39

to allow for the development of voluntary movement

Question 40

what is sucking and rooting reflex involved in

Answer 40

breastfeeding

Question 41

role of the palmar and plantar grasp reflex

Answer 41

a baby will grasp objects placed in their hand or foot

Question 42

what is the moro reflex

Answer 42

when babies head suddenly falls back, infant grasps with arms

Question 43

what is the asymmetrical tonic neck reflex

Answer 43

if a babies head turns to one side, limbs flex and extend on on side to stabilise baby

Question 44

when will the average baby be walking by

Answer 44

12 months

Question 45

what is developmental delay

Answer 45

failure to attain appropriate developmental milestones for a childs age

Question 46

what is global developmental delay

Answer 46

significant delay in 2+ of the 4 areas of development

Question 47

what is another name for global developmental delay in school age children

Answer 47

learning or intellectual disability

Question 48

name some prenatal causes of global developmental delay

Answer 48

down syndrome
PKU, hypothyroidism
TORCH infections
maternal substance missuse

Question 49

name 2 perinatal causes of global developmental delay

Answer 49

prematurity, asphyxia

Question 50

name some postnatal causes of global developmental delay

Answer 50

meningitis
accidental and NAI
severe neglect, malnutrition

Question 51

give 2 examples of conditions that cause motor delay

Answer 51

duchennes muscular dystrophy
cerebral palsy