Acutely Unwell Child Flashcards
(19 cards)
how does infant anatomy differ from adult
have relatively large head and prominent occiput
Relatively large surface area compared to volume - loss heat, fluid more quickly and have problems with fluid and electrolyte balance when ill.
High anterior larynx/floppy epiglottis
- if they become inflamed much easier in children for airway to become compromised
what are the common conditions children present with
Bronchiolitis/URTI/Croup Gastroenteritis Seizures/epilepsy Pneumonia/LRTI Asthma 'Viral illness' Head injury Abdominal pain UTI
presentation of bronchiolitis in children and what causes it
presents in baby to 18 months, with cough, wheeze, poor feed, generally unwell
RSV virus
what is a febrile seizure
when a child gets too hot and has a fit
what are causes of fits and faints in children
Febrile seizures
Vasovagal episode
Reflex anoxic seizures - white breath holding episode
Breath holding attacks - blue breath holding episodes
Behavioural episodes
Epilepsy
Arrhythmias
what are the GI obstructions seen in children and when do they present
congenital pyloric stenosis (6 weeks),
volvulus, intussusception (6 months)
Malrotation
what a baby with pyloric stenosis present with
milky vomit
what does intussusception present with
vomiting green
bulging in left flank
Strawberry jam nappy
little baby, vomiting green - what is this a sign of and what could it be
sign of obstruction
could be malrotation
what supplies the midgut
superior mesenteric artery
what is hydatid of morgagni
vestigial remnant of the Müllerian duct, present on the upper pole of the testis
how can the hydatid of merging be a problem
can twist and die becoming very sore
Red, swollen scrotum
Not painful but itch
Redness extending down and up
Idiopathic scrotal oedema
Tx - analgesia, anti-histamines
Red scrotum
If a testicle has done a full twist and is black has to be removed
Torsion
what is a pre-terminal sign in children
hypotension
how can circulation be treated
20mls/kg of 0.99% saline
how can a child with UTI present
non-specifically ill child collapse septicaemia vomiting colic pain
what are features of a headache in a child to be concerned about
Headache on waking Worse with coughing or bending Associated vomiting- especially in the morning visual disturbance Gait disturbance Cranial nerve palsy
what bacteria is the most common cause of uncomplicated UTI in children
E. Coli
