AdamsPsych_2 Flashcards
(28 cards)
What is the denomination effect?
The denomination effect is a cognitive bias where people tend to spend more money when it’s in smaller denominations compared to larger ones.
What is distinction bias?
Distinction bias refers to the tendency to view two options as more dissimilar when evaluating them simultaneously than when assessing them separately.
What is duration neglect?
Duration neglect is a cognitive bias where people underestimate or disregard the length of an experience when evaluating its overall pleasantness or unpleasantness because they focus upon the peak and end of the experience.
What is the empathy gap?
The empathy gap is a cognitive bias that causes people to underestimate the influence of emotional states on their own behavior or decision-making.
What is the endowment effect?
The endowment effect is a psychological phenomenon where people tend to value items they own more highly than identical items they do not own.
What is essentialism?
Essentialism is a cognitive bias that leads people to believe that certain categories have an underlying essence or fixed, innate qualities. Understanding is thereby limited by stereotypes/overgeneralization.
What is exaggerated expectation?
Exaggerated expectation is a cognitive bias where individuals tend to overestimate the likelihood of positive outcomes or underestimate the probability of negative events.
What is experimenter’s or expectation bias?
Experimenter’s or expectation bias refers to the tendency for researchers to unconsciously influence the outcome of an experiment based on their expectations.
What is the false-consensus effect?
The false-consensus effect is a cognitive bias that leads people to overestimate the extent to which their beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors are shared by others.
What is functional fixedness?
Functional fixedness is a cognitive bias that limits a person’s ability to use an object only in the way it is traditionally used.
What is the focusing effect?
The focusing effect is a cognitive bias that occurs when people place too much importance on one aspect of an event or situation.
What is focalism?
Focalism, also known as the focusing illusion, is a cognitive bias that involves placing too much emphasis on one particular piece of information when making judgments.
What is the Forer effect?
The Forer effect, also known as the Barnum effect, is a cognitive bias where individuals tend to accept vague, general personality descriptions as uniquely applicable to themselves.
What is the framing effect?
The framing effect is a cognitive bias where people react differently to a particular choice depending on how it is presented or framed.
What is the frequency illusion?
The frequency illusion, also known as the Baader-Meinhof phenomenon, is a cognitive bias where, after noticing something for the first time, there is a tendency to notice it more often.
What is the gambler’s fallacy?
The gambler’s fallacy is a cognitive bias where individuals mistakenly believe that the likelihood of a random event occurring in the future is influenced by past events.
What is the hard-easy effect?
The hard-easy effect is a cognitive bias where people tend to overestimate their ability to perform easy tasks and underestimate their ability to perform difficult tasks.
What is hindsight bias?
Hindsight bias, also known as the ‘knew-it-all-along’ effect, is a cognitive bias that leads people to believe that past events were more predictable than they actually were.
What is the hostile media effect?
The hostile media effect is a perceptual bias where people with strong opinions on an issue perceive media coverage as biased against their views.
What is hyperbolic discounting?
Hyperbolic discounting is a cognitive bias where people show a preference for smaller, immediate rewards over larger, delayed rewards.
What is the illusion of control?
The illusion of control is a cognitive bias where people overestimate their ability to control or influence outcomes, especially in situations determined by chance.
What is the illusion of validity?
The illusion of validity is a cognitive bias that leads people to overestimate their ability to interpret and predict outcomes when analyzing a set of data.
What is illusory correlation?
Illusory correlation is a cognitive bias where people perceive a relationship between two variables when no such relationship exists.
What is impact bias?
Impact bias is a cognitive bias that leads people to overestimate the intensity and duration of their emotional reactions to future events.
