Adaptation And Change Over Time Study Guide

Question 1

Sexual reproduction

Answer 1

the production of new living organisms by combining genetic information from two individuals of different types (sexes). In most higher organisms, one sex (male) produces a small motile gamete which travels to fuse with a larger stationary gamete produced by the other

Question 2

Asexual reproduction

Answer 2

is a type of reproduction by which offspring arise from a single organism,

Question 3

Species

Answer 3

group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging genes or interbreedin

Question 4

Adaptation

Answer 4

the action or process of adapting or being adapted

Question 5

Evolution

Answer 5

process by which different kinds of living organisms are thought to have developed and diversified from earlier forms during the history of the earth

Question 6

Scientific theory

Answer 6

an explanation of an aspect of the natural world that can be repeatedly tested and verified in accordance with the scientific method, using accepted protocols of observation, measurement, and evaluation of results

Question 7

Natural selection

Answer 7

the process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.

Question 8

Variation

Answer 8

change or difference in condition, amount, or level, typically with certain limit

Question 9

Behavioral adaptation

Answer 9

the things organisms do to survive. For example, bird calls and migration are behavioral adaptations

Question 10

Structural adaptation

Answer 10

physical features of an organism like the bill on a bird or the fur on a bear

Question 11

Physiological adaptations

Answer 11

are internal systematic responses to external stimuli in order to help an organism maintain homeostasis

Question 12

Hibernation

Answer 12

a state of inactivity and metabolic depression in endotherms

Question 13

Migration

Answer 13

seasonal movement of animals from one region to anothe

Question 14

Selective breading

Answer 14

process by which humans use animal breeding and plant breeding to selectively develop particular phenotypic traits by choosing which typically animal or plant males and females will sexually reproduce and have offspring together

Question 15

Environmental pressures

Answer 15

reflect the impact of human activities on the environment (antropogenic environmental pressure; environmental impact) that leads to the appearance of environmental problem

Question 16

Geotropism

Answer 16

growth of the parts of plants with respect to the force of gravity

Question 17

Phototropism

Answer 17

the orientation of a plant or other organism in response to light