Genetics Flashcards
(18 cards)
Gene
(in informal use) a unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring
Traits
distinguishing quality or characteristic, typically one belonging to a person
Dominant allele
which the effect on phenotype of one allele masks the contribution of a second allele at the same locus
Recessive allele
must be homozygous when inherited in order to be expressed in the phenotype. If it is inherited alongside a dominant allele, the offspring will not express the recessive allele phenotype, just the dominant allele
Phenotype
of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment
Genotype
genetic constitution of an individual organism
Punnent square
square diagram that is used to predict the genotypes of a particular cross or breeding experiment
Homozygous dominanat
it carries two copies of the same dominant allele
Recessive allele
if it carries two copies of the same recessive allele
Heterozygous
having two different alleles of a particular gene or genes
Purebread
an animal bred from parents of the same breed or variety
Hybrid
the offspring of two plants or animals of different species or varieties, such as a mule (a hybrid of a donkey and a horse)
Incomplete dominance
a form of intermediate inheritance in which one allele for a specific trait is not completely expressed over its paired allele
Allele
one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome
Gregor Mantel
scientist, Augustinian friar and abbot of St. Thomas’ Abbey in Brno, Margraviate of Moravia. Mendel was born in a German-speaking family in the Silesian part of the Austrian Empire and gained posthumous recognition as the founder of the modern science of genetics
Heredity
the passing on of physical or mental characteristics genetically from one generation to another.
Genetics
the study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics
Codominance
is a form of dominance wherein the alleles of a gene pair in a heterozygote are fully expresse
