Adaptations and regulation

Question 1

Transpiration (plants) definition

Answer 1

The process which moisture is carried through plants from roots to stomata where it is released as vapor.

Question 2

Negative upward pressure is created by what 2 things in plants?

Answer 2

1. Active transport of minerals into the roots, pulling water in by osmosis.
2. Evaporation of water in the stomata which pulls water up from the roots.

Question 3

Transpiration rates and water loss increase

Answer 3

1. When the temperature heats up.
2. When there are windy conditions.
3. Low humidity conditions.

Question 4

how do guard cells regulate transpiration

Answer 4

Guard cells turgid: Stoma opens.

Guard cell flaccid: Stoma closed.

Question 5

Structural adaptations to minimise water loss in plants?

Answer 5

1. Sunken stomata (found on xerophytes).
2. Reduced number of stomata.
3. reduced number of leaves/ rolled leaves/ succulent leaves.
4. Stomata open at night only (in cactus).
5. Hair around stomata (to prevent air flow).
6. Waxy cuticle.

Question 6

How do plants control internal temperature?

Answer 6

1. leaf shape (larger surface area = heat lost quicker).
2. Leaf orientation (exposed to lest amount of sun).
3. leaf fall (Minimise transpiration through stomata and reduce heat intake).

Question 7

Physical/structural adaptation definition

Answer 7

Describes an organism’s structure such as its size, colour, and shape that assists its survival in its environment.

Question 8

Physical/structural adaptation examples

Answer 8

Camouflage, claws, beak shape, teeth, fur, feathers, limb lengths.

Question 9

Behavioral adaptation definition

Answer 9

What the organism does or how it behaves. There are two types: Instinctive which happen naturally and don’t need to be learned or learned which are obtained by interacting with the environment.

Question 10

Behavioral adaptation examples

Answer 10

Finding shelter, hibernating, migrating, defending oneself, storing food, gathering food, nocturnal.

Question 11

physialogical adaptation definition

Answer 11

Relating to the internal metabolism of an organism and the general internal functioning of its body to maintain

Question 12

physialogical adaptation examples

Answer 12

blood pressure, producing venom/toxins, pheromones.

Question 13

Plant adaptatons for cold climates

Answer 13

1. shrubs are small to avoid wind.
2. Plants are dark in colour to absorb solar heat.
3. Small waxy leaves/needles.
4. Covered in hair.
5. Plants grow in clumps for protection.
6. Evergreen.
7. Trees have branches that drop downwards.

Question 14

Animal adaptations for cold climates

Answer 14

1. Thick fur coats.
2. Blubber under skin.
3. Change colour regarding temperature.
4. Small ears.
5. Rounded body shape.

Question 15

Plant adaptations for dry climates

Answer 15

1. Storing water in stems or leaves (succulents).
2. No leaves.
3. Long root systems deep into the ground.
4. Spines for protection.

Question 16

Animal adaptations for dry climates

Answer 16

1. Large thin ears
2. Little body fat
3. Long limbs
4. Only active at night
5. elongated body shape

Question 17

Biomimicry definition

Answer 17

The design and production of materials, structures, and systems that uses natural biological designs and processes.