adaptive immunity

Question 1

what is the immune system divided into?

Answer 1

innate immunity
adaptive immunity

Question 2

what is the first line of innate immunity

Answer 2

skin and mucous membranes and secretions

Question 3

what is the second line of innate immunity?

Answer 3

innate immune cells
inflammation
complement

Question 4

what is the third line of adaptive immunity?

Answer 4

t cells
b cells

Question 5

what is adaptive immunity also known as?

Answer 5

specific responses

Question 6

what is innate immunity also known as?

Answer 6

non specific responses

Question 7

what is adaptive immunity split into?

Answer 7

humoural response
cellular response

Question 8

explain the humoural repsonse?

Answer 8

b lymphocytes- plasma cells

Question 9

explain the cellular response

Answer 9

t lymphcytes- t helper cells, t cytotoxic cells

Question 10

give me 3 effector cells

Answer 10

plasma cells
t helper cells
t cytoxic cells

Question 11

summarise innate immunity?

Answer 11

Fast
Non-specific
No immune memory

Question 12

summarise adpative immunity?

Answer 12

Slow
Specific
Immune memory

Question 13

secondary response is what?

Answer 13

The secondary response is faster and stronger than the primary response

Question 14

how are memory cells adapted to their role

Answer 14

Memory cells can mount a faster and stronger immune response compared to the primary response to the same invader

Question 15

what is adaptive immunity also known as (2)

Answer 15

Acquired Immunity’

Question 16

what can naturally acquired immunity also be split into?

Answer 16

naturally acquired immunity
artificially acquired immunity

Question 17

what can artificially acquired immunity be split into

Answer 17

active- vaccination
passive- administration of immune serum

Question 18

what can naturally acquired immunity be split into (2)

Answer 18

active- direct exposure to pathogens
passive-maternal antibodies passed via placenta

Question 19

what are the central organs

Answer 19

thymus and bone marrow

Question 19

what are the secondary lymphoid organs

Answer 19

tonsil
lymph nodes
spleen
apendix

Question 19

describe the Peripheralorsecondary lymphoid organs

Answer 19

Newly formed lymphocytesmigrate from the primary lymphoid organs tothe secondary organs where they react with foreignantigen

Question 20

describe the Central or Primary lymphoid organs

Answer 20

Thymus and bone marrow- Lymphocytes develop and mature(Generative organs)

Question 21

what are the T cell progenitor cells

Answer 21

T cell progenitor cells are precursor cells that give rise to T lymphocytes (T cells),

Question 22

where do t cell progenitor cell originate?

Answer 22

T cell progenitor cells originate in the BM but develop into mature T cells in the Thymus

Question 23

explain the process of maturation of lymphocytes?

Answer 23

T progenitor cell (bone marrow) Thymus Mature T cells Circulation Peripheral lymphoid organs

Question 24

what are the thymocytes?

Answer 24

The developing immature T cells in the thymus

Question 25

how do t cells prevent autoimmune reactions

Answer 25

T cells need to have ‘Self-tolerance’ : unresponsiveness to self-antigens

Question 26

what is clonal selection?

Answer 26

describes how the immune system responds to specific antigens

Question 27

where does central tolerance occur/

Answer 27

occurs in Thymus on immature T cells

Question 28

what is the role of central tolerance?

Answer 28

elimination of autoreactive immature T cells

Question 29

what is peripheral tolerance?

Answer 29

elimination of autoreactive mature T cells

Question 30

where does peripheral tolerance occur?

Answer 30

occurs in Peripheral lymphoid organs on mature T cells

Question 31

why do cells needs self tolernace?

Answer 31

T cells need self-tolerance to prevent the immune system from attacking the body's own cells.

Question 32

because of self tolerance what does this help>

Answer 32

helps prevent autoimmune reactions, where the immune system mistakenly targets and damages the body's own tissues,

Question 33

describe peripheral toleance?

Answer 33

PT: crucial aspect of the immune system that prevents the activation of immune cells against the body's own tissues in the periphery involves :regulatory T cells, induction of anergy, deletion of autoreactive cells

Question 34

what does central tolernace involve?

Answer 34

apoptosis (programmed cell death) Mature and move to the peripheral lymphoid organs

Question 35

what are t helper cells also known as?

Answer 35

CD4+ cells

Question 36

what do cd4 express?

Answer 36

express the CD4 glycoprotein on their surface

Question 37

what are the purposes of cd proteins?

Answer 37

commonly used as cell markers allows cells to be identified and defined can also be involved in immune reactions