Adaptive Immunity

Question 1

What is adaptive immunity?

Answer 1

Adaptive immunity is the immune response that is specific to particular pathogens and improves with exposure.

Question 2

True or False: Adaptive immunity is present at birth.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

What are the two main types of adaptive immune responses?

Answer 3

Humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity.

Question 4

Fill in the blank: The primary cells involved in humoral immunity are _____ cells.

Answer 4

B

Question 5

What type of cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity?

Answer 5

T cells.

Question 6

What do B cells produce in response to antigens?

Answer 6

Antibodies.

Question 7

True or False: T cells can directly destroy infected cells.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

What is the role of memory cells in adaptive immunity?

Answer 8

Memory cells provide long-lasting immunity by remembering previous infections.

Question 9

What are antigens?

Answer 9

Antigens are substances that trigger an immune response.

Question 10

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a type of T cell? A) Helper T cells B) Cytotoxic T cells C) Memory T cells D) Platelet T cells

Answer 10

D) Platelet T cells

Question 11

How do vaccines work in relation to adaptive immunity?

Answer 11

Vaccines stimulate the immune system to produce memory cells against specific pathogens.

Question 12

What is the difference between active and passive immunity?

Answer 12

Active immunity is developed through exposure to pathogens, while passive immunity is acquired through antibodies from another source.

Question 13

Fill in the blank: _____ are proteins that specifically bind to antigens.

Answer 13

Antibodies

Question 14

What is the function of Helper T cells?

Answer 14

Helper T cells assist other immune cells by releasing cytokines.

Question 15

True or False: All antibodies are identical.

Answer 15

False

Question 16

What is clonal selection?

Answer 16

Clonal selection is the process by which specific B or T cells are activated and proliferate in response to an antigen.

Question 17

What type of immunity do maternal antibodies provide to infants?

Answer 17

Passive immunity.

Question 18

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a characteristic of adaptive immunity? A) Immediate response B) Specificity C) Non-specificity D) Inflammation

Answer 18

B) Specificity

Question 19

What is the role of antigen-presenting cells (APCs)?

Answer 19

APCs process and present antigens to T cells.

Question 20

Fill in the blank: The _____ response is characterized by the production of antibodies.

Answer 20

humoral

Question 21

What is the primary function of cytotoxic T cells?

Answer 21

To kill infected or cancerous cells.

Question 22

True or False: Adaptive immunity takes longer to respond than innate immunity.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

What is the significance of immunological memory?

Answer 23

Immunological memory allows for a faster and stronger response upon re-exposure to the same pathogen.

Question 24

What do T cell receptors (TCRs) recognize?

Answer 24

TCRs recognize specific antigens presented by MHC molecules.

Question 25

Fill in the blank: _____ immunity involves antibodies that circulate in the blood and lymph.

Answer 25

Humoral

Question 26

What is the primary outcome of the primary immune response?

Answer 26

The production of antibodies and memory cells.

Question 27

Multiple Choice: Which cell type is primarily responsible for the secondary immune response? A) B cells B) T cells C) Antigen-presenting cells D) Neutrophils

Answer 27

A) B cells

Question 28

What is the role of cytokines in adaptive immunity?

Answer 28

Cytokines are signaling molecules that mediate and regulate immune responses.

Question 29

True or False: Adaptive immunity can be enhanced through exposure to the same pathogen.

Answer 29

True

Question 30

What does the term 'self-tolerance' refer to in the context of adaptive immunity?

Answer 30

Self-tolerance refers to the immune system's ability to avoid attacking the body's own cells.

Question 31

What is the function of regulatory T cells?

Answer 31

Regulatory T cells help maintain immune system balance and prevent autoimmune responses.

Question 32

Fill in the blank: The _____ response is faster and more effective due to memory cells.

Answer 32

secondary