Nerve and Muscle - Neurophysiology and Neuroanatomy

Question 1

What is the basic functional unit of the nervous system?

Answer 1

Neuron

Question 2

True or False: Neurons do not regenerate after injury.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Fill in the blank: The part of the neuron that receives signals is called the _____.

Answer 3

dendrite

Question 4

What is the role of the myelin sheath?

Answer 4

To insulate the axon and increase the speed of nerve impulse transmission.

Question 5

What are the two main types of cells in the nervous system?

Answer 5

Neurons and glial cells

Question 6

Multiple choice: Which type of glial cell produces myelin in the central nervous system? A) Astrocytes B) Oligodendrocytes C) Microglia

Answer 6

B) Oligodendrocytes

Question 7

What is the synapse?

Answer 7

The junction between two neurons where communication occurs.

Question 8

True or False: Action potentials are all-or-nothing events.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Fill in the blank: The space between the axon terminal of one neuron and the dendrite of another is known as the _____.

Answer 9

synaptic cleft

Question 10

What neurotransmitter is primarily involved in muscle contraction?

Answer 10

Acetylcholine

Question 11

Multiple choice: What type of muscle is involuntary and found in the walls of internal organs? A) Skeletal B) Cardiac C) Smooth

Answer 11

C) Smooth

Question 12

What is the primary function of the somatic nervous system?

Answer 12

To control voluntary movements of skeletal muscles.

Question 13

True or False: The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary functions.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

Fill in the blank: The brain and spinal cord make up the _____.

Answer 14

central nervous system

Question 15

What is the role of the spinal cord?

Answer 15

To transmit signals between the brain and the rest of the body.

Question 16

Multiple choice: Which part of the brain is responsible for balance and coordination? A) Cerebrum B) Cerebellum C) Brainstem

Answer 16

B) Cerebellum

Question 17

What are reflex arcs?

Answer 17

Neural pathways that mediate reflex actions.

Question 18

True or False: The peripheral nervous system includes all the nerves outside the brain and spinal cord.

Answer 18

True

Question 19

Fill in the blank: The _____ nervous system prepares the body for ‘fight or flight’ responses.

Answer 19

sympathetic

Question 20

What is the primary function of skeletal muscle?

Answer 20

To facilitate voluntary movement of the body.

Question 21

Multiple choice: Which structure stores calcium ions necessary for muscle contraction? A) Sarcoplasmic reticulum B) Mitochondria C) Golgi apparatus

Answer 21

A) Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 22

What is the role of troponin in muscle contraction?

Answer 22

To bind calcium ions and facilitate the interaction between actin and myosin.

Question 23

True or False: Cardiac muscle is striated and involuntary.

Answer 23

True

Question 24

Fill in the blank: The basic contractile unit of muscle fibers is called a _____.

Answer 24

sarcomere

Question 25

What is neuromuscular junction?

Answer 25

The synapse between a motor neuron and a skeletal muscle fiber.

Question 26

Multiple choice: Which ion is primarily responsible for initiating muscle contraction? A) Sodium B) Calcium C) Potassium

Answer 26

B) Calcium

Question 27

What is the primary role of glial cells?

Answer 27

To support and protect neurons.

Question 28

True or False: All neurons have the same structure.

Answer 28

False

Question 29

Fill in the blank: The _____ system regulates the body’s internal environment through involuntary control.

Answer 29

autonomic

Question 30

What is the primary function of the hypothalamus?

Answer 30

To regulate homeostasis and coordinate the autonomic nervous system.