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ADAPTIVE IMMUNO Flashcards

(67 cards)

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1
Q

Auto antigen

A

self antigen

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2
Q

allo antigen

A

tissue specific antigen (found in one person but not the other)

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3
Q

intracellular pathogens

A

viruses

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4
Q

exogenous antigens

A

enter the body and are trapped by APC

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5
Q

Epitope

A

what the body recognizes

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6
Q

T depedent atnigen

A

proteins

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7
Q

t independent antigens

A

poly, lipids, etc..

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8
Q

TCR recognizes

A

linear protein epitopes

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9
Q

free peptides are

A

not recognized by TCRs

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10
Q

Immuno dominant epitopes

A

immune cells present a specific epitope

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11
Q

haptens

A

small molecules which do not induce immune response alone

-needs to be bound to another molecule or carrier protein

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12
Q

super antigen

A
  • not processed but bind to MHC class w molecules and Vbeta of TCR
  • each super antigen activates a distinct set of VB expressing t lymphocytes is expressing
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13
Q

what is an immune complex

A

Antigen plus antibody

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14
Q

Light chain

A

kappa or lamda

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15
Q

Papain digestion

A

releases the 2 sepearate ag binding regions and the Fc region

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16
Q

pepsin digestion

A

retains single bivalent ag binding capibility and degrades the rest

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17
Q

what is an idotope

A

the finger like regions that bind to the antigen, also known as the paratope or CDR

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18
Q

Allotype

A

allelic diferences (subtle differences on the heavy chains)

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19
Q

We all may see an antigen but we respond with different v region deterimants what is this called?

A

due to idotypic network

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20
Q

IGM

A

first ab produced, forms a pentamer, (has 10 binding sites)

-Coded by heavy chain mu

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21
Q

IgG

A

most abunduant one in serum

-ONLY ONE THAT CAN CROSS PLACENTA

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22
Q

ab/ ag binding

A

due to hydrogen bonds, eletrostatic bonds, wanderwalls, and hydrophoic forces

  • each bond is weak but can generate an eletrostaic interaction
  • interaction is reversible
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23
Q

Which Ig are predominant for immune responses

A

-IgG, Iga, Ige

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24
Q

IGA

A

used for external secretion

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25
IgE
allergy
26
IGD AND M
found on mature b lymps
27
Antibody
- 2 heavy chain - 2 light chain - chains have a variable region (fAB) AND constant region (fc)
28
Antibody
- 2 heavy chain - 2 light chain - chains have a variable region (fAB) AND constant region (fc)
29
The strength of the interaction between an univalent ag (epitope) and univalent ab (paratope) is refered to as
affinity
30
The strength of the interactions ebtween an multivalent ag and a multivalent ab is reffered to as
avididty
31
if you increase ____ then you increase ____
- valency | - avidity
32
valency
amount of abs taht are working together
33
Confimational determant
specific confo has to be made
34
linear deteminat
must be denatured so the area can bind to it bc if folded its not acceible
35
noantigenic determinatn
created when you proteolyse somethin
36
MHC IS ALSO KNOWN AS
HLA
37
MHC is
polymorphic
38
MHC are inherited as a
haplotype
39
Class 1 MHC
- codes for MHC A-G - EXPRESSED ON all nucleated cells - presents antigens to CD8+ cytotoxic t cells - hetrodimer: alpha chain and beta chain (not made from mhc gene) - alpha 1 and 2 is variable - it is a membrane bound glycoproein - has closed ends thus only binds 8-10 peptides
40
class 1 steps
- virus in cytoplasm, or taken up by pahgosome, or ub protein - is taken up and then put into proteosome - makes peptides - tap takes it in and puts it in the ER and loads it in the receptor - alpha chain made in ER and beta chain intergraded - tapasin (cofactor that helps it) - then that complex is taken to golgi - and presented
41
class 2 MHC
composed of a beta chain and alpha chain - also 4 globular structure - not covalenly linked - presents shit to CD4 t lymphocyte (APC cells such as macrophages, dendritic cells, and B lympocytes) - binds 13-18 polypeptides bc has an open end
42
CLASS 1 MHC PRESENT WHAT FROM WHERE AND CLASS 2 PRESENT WHAT FROM WHERE
CLASS 1: INTRACEULLAR and SELF | CLASS 2: EXTRA CELLULAR
43
MHC binding is
-slow: allows peptide to compled with a t cell
44
antigens entering from the peiohery are filltered by the
lymph and lympoid tissue
45
antigens in the blood are filtered by the
slpeen
46
dendritic cells: macrophages: b lymphocytes:
present antigen to niave t cells precent to CD4 effector T cells present to cd4 T helper cells
47
Activated DC cells:
loose adhesive markers and upregulate CCR7 (bind to ligand on lympahtic epithelium )
48
class 2 pathway
- exogenous is taken up and degradaded in endosome - in the ER MHC is being made and invariant chain is put in to stablize the dimer and block peptides from being put in - that is fused with with golgi then lysosome - HLA DM will degrade THE INVARIANT CHAIN AND leave clip - clip will fall off and then the antigen is then put in and then presented
49
Cross rpesentation
-dendritic cells can present can pick up host fragments from APC cells and then present them by both MHC 1 and 2
50
A t helper cell can
release cytokines when activated by a macrpopahge to kill the phaocytosed micobe or stimualte b cells when b cells present a MHC with antigen on it to make ab by realsing antibodies
51
mhc 1 WILL CAUSE WHAT
cause cell to kill it self
52
Ankylosing spondylitis
inflamation of spine bc individuals are expressing HLA B27
53
rheumatic fever
patiens who have hla dr 4 allele are more prone to develop a fever
54
Neuroblastoma
caused by tap
55
bare lymphocyte syndrome
- tap protein is non functional thus peptides cant enter the ER - poor responses to viruses
56
bare class 2
defect in class 2 transactivartor which decreases cd4+
57
B cell receptor
basically an antibody with an Igb and iga side peice
58
tcr
has alpha and beta chain | ALSO HAS cd3 and cd3 gamma for singaling
59
Gene rearragnement events occur in absece of antigen ________.
clonal selection
60
The production of _____ = production of _____
--production of heavy chain in B cell = prod of beta chain in t cell -light chain in B cell = alpha chain in T cell
61
combitorial diversity
-take one of J and then add it to D and then take one of V and add it to DJ
62
combitoral diveristy occurs by
plandromic sequences called rag 1,2
63
Junctional diversity
uses TdT to add nucleotides producing variable regions
64
light chain/ alpha chain only does
VJ
65
what is the second type of combitoral diveristy
take any heavy chain/ beta that you make and mix it with any light chain/ alpha chain
66
B cell support
B cells and stem cells interact through VCAM and VLA 4 - releases IL7 - which then releases IL7 CAUSING IT TO MOVE INTO PRO B CELL
67
Steps to make a mature B cell
in bone marrow: 1) IL7 is released making it into pro b cell 2) rag and tdt expression is increased with then makes the heavy chain and a surrogate light chain (a pre b cell) 3) if the pre bcr works then you inhibit reagarangement of the Ig HEAVY chain locus on the other chromosome

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