Addiction

Question 1

Describe the risks associated with marijuana use during pregnancy.

Answer 1

x

Question 2

Describe the risks associated with marijuana use during adolescents.

Answer 2

c

Question 3

Describe the risks associated with marijuana use during adulthood.

Answer 3

c

Question 4

What is the pharm tx for opioid abuse? What are their mechanisms of action?

Answer 4

Methadone –> mu opioid agonist, long acting
** can only be administered in methadone clinics
Buprenorphine –> partial opioid agonist
** w/ naloxone = suboxone
Naltrexone –> can precipitate withdrawal

Question 5

What is the pharm tx for nicotine abuse? What are their mechanisms of action?

Answer 5

Buproprion (Wellbutrin/Zyban) –> Nicotinic receptor antagonist? Dopamine reuptake inhibitor; doubles quit rates
Varenicline (Chantix) –> Partial α4β2 agonist, conflicting reports of depression and suicidal ideation
NRTs (nicotine replacement gum, patch –> several different doses avail., titrate down over months)

Question 6

What is the pharm tx for alcohol abuse? What are their mechanisms of action?

Answer 6

Disulfiram –> inhibits acetaldehyde dehydrogenase
Naltrexone –> Opioid antagonist
Acamprosate –> GABA/glutamate balance

Question 7

Describe the chaotic life‐circumstances that confront many addicted youths.

Answer 7

c

Question 8

How do addictive substances contribute to the antisocial and substance problems seen in addicted youths?

Answer 8

x

Question 9

Discuss the role of “free will” and “personal responsibility” for behavioral transgressions if the patient’s brain functions aberrantly while deciding whether to do high‐risk behaviors.

Answer 9

v

Question 10

Discuss how substance availability influences substance‐taking and what treatment interventions may address it.

Answer 10

n

Question 11

Discuss how acceptability influences substance‐taking and what treatment interventions may address it.

Answer 11

n

Question 12

Discuss how pharmacological reinforcement influences substance‐taking and what treatment interventions may address it.

Answer 12

a

Question 13

Discuss how history of prior substance use influences substance‐taking and what treatment interventions may address it.

Answer 13

f

Question 14

Discuss how genes influence substance‐taking and what treatment interventions may address it.

Answer 14

genetic component shown via incidence rates in 1st degree relatives –> increased risk to children, etc

Question 15

Discuss how gender influences substance‐taking and what treatment interventions may address it.

Answer 15

males and females have similar prevalence rates in adolescence, but by young adulthood male>female SUD
prevalence rates begin to emerge

Question 16

Discuss how age influences substance‐taking and what treatment interventions may address it.

Answer 16

Rationale for why adolescents are more vulnerable to addiction than adults: reward-related circuitry
processing matures earlier while neural processing of inhibition are not yet fully developed.

Question 17

Discuss how a risk‐taking disposition influences substance‐taking and what treatment interventions may address it.

Answer 17

cognitive control –> people that respond well to reward take longer to break habits in spite of later punishments

Question 18

Discuss how stress influences substance‐taking and what treatment interventions may address it.

Answer 18

lots of stress, anxiety, etc leads to greater risk of addiction

Question 19

Discuss how pharmacological punishment of substance use influences substance‐taking and what treatment interventions may address it.

Answer 19

c

Question 20

Discuss how social punishment of substance use influences substance‐taking and what treatment interventions may address it.

Answer 20

x

Question 21

Discuss how social reinforcement of non‐use of substances influences substance‐taking and what treatment interventions may address it.

Answer 21

x

Question 22

What is Disulfiram?

Answer 22

inhibitor of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase

tx for EtOH

Question 23

Name the drug:
inhibitor of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase
tx for EtOH

Answer 23

Disulfiram

Question 24

What is Naltrexone?

Answer 24

an opioid antagonist

a tx of EtOH

Question 25

Name the drug: an opioid antagonist a tx of EtOH

Answer 25

Naltrexone

Question 26

What is Acamprosate?

Answer 26

for GABA/glutamate balance | tx for EtOH

Question 27

Name the drug: for GABA/glutamate balance tx for EtOH

Answer 27

Acamprosate

Question 28

What is Methadone?

Answer 28

Long acting opioid agonist | used to treat opioid addiction

Question 29

Name the drug: Long acting opioid agonist used to treat opioid addiction

Answer 29

Methadone

Question 30

What is Buprenorphine?

Answer 30

Partial opioid agonist/naloxone | used to treat opioid addiction

Question 31

Name the drug: Partial opioid agonist/naloxone used to treat opioid addiction

Answer 31

Buprenorphine

Question 32

What is Naltrexone?

Answer 32

blocks the euphoric effects of opioids | Can precipitate withdrawal

Question 33

Name the drug: blocks the euphoric effects of opioids Can precipitate withdrawal

Answer 33

Naltrexone

Question 34

What is Buproprion (Wellbutrin/Zyban)?

Answer 34

Nicotinic receptor antagonist? Dopamine reuptake inhibitor tx for nicotine addiction

Question 35

Name the drug: Nicotinic receptor antagonist? Dopamine reuptake inhibitor tx for nicotine addiction

Answer 35

Buproprion (Wellbutrin/Zyban)

Question 36

What is Varenicline?

Answer 36

a partial α4β2 agonist conflicting reports of depression and suicidal ideation tx for nicotine addiction

Question 37

Name the drug: a partial α4β2 agonist conflicting reports of depression and suicidal ideation tx for nicotine addiction

Answer 37

Varenicline