Addiction Flashcards
(36 cards)
Disorders associate with alcohol dependence?
- abuse of other substances
- Schizophrenia
- Anxiety
- Personality Disorders
Medical Comorbidities related to alcohol dependence?
CNS:
Wernicke’s encephalopathy and Korsakoff’s psychosis.
GIT system: esophagitis, gastritis, pancreatitis, alcoholic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis.
Tuberculosis, all types of accidents, suicide, and homicide
1) Alcohol and CNS depressants
2) Cocaine and amphetamines
1) act on GABA receptors*.
2) act on the dopamine system.
Korsakoff’s (psychosis) is characterized by?
mental confusion, confabulation, and amnesia
Cause of Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome?
Alcohol abuse
Wernicke’s encephalopathy is characterized by?
ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, and confusion.
Signs of Heroin dependence?
Hyperpyrexia.
Seizures.
Sexual.
Euphoria
Signs of Heroin Withdrawal?
Watery eyes. Runny nose. Loss of appetite. Vomiting, diarrhea, fever/joint pain. Yawning.
4 phases of heroin intoxication?
1) euphoria - facial flushing and deepening of voice
2) the High - sense of well-being
3) “the nod”- escape from reality ranging from lethargy to unconsciousness
4) Period B4 withdrawal - seek more of drug to avoid withdrawal
3 or more of these are needed for a diagnosis of dependence?
- Tolerance.
- Withdrawal symptoms.
- Large amounts for longer period than intended.
- Unsuccessful or persistent desire to cut down or control use.
- increase in getting, taking and seeking the substance
- substance use despite knowledge of risks or problems it causes
Symptoms of Alcohol Intoxication?
- Slurred speech.
- Incoordination.
- Unsteady gait.
- Nystagmus.
- Impaired in attention and memory.
- Symptoms not due to another medication.
Signs of alcohol withdrawal? (2 or more needed)
- Nausea and vomiting.
- Anxiety.
- Transient visual, tactile, and auditory hallucinations.
- Autonomic hyperactivity**
- Psychomotor agitation.
- Insomnia.
- Increased hand tremor.
- Grand mal seizures.
After 5-10 yrs of heavy alcohol use, what manifestation may be seen?
withdrawal delirium, is considered a emergency
signs of alcohol withdrawal delirium?
- Autonomic hyperactivity (tachyHR, HTN)
- Severe disturbance in sensorium.
- Perceptual disturbances.
- Fluctuating levels of consciousness.
- Delusions (paranoid), agitated behaviors & fever.
Effects after 1-2- drinks
changes in mood/behavior, judgement is impaired
effects after 5-6
legal level of intoxication in most states
effects of 10-12 drinks
ataxia, emotional liability
effects of 15-18 drinks
confusion, stupor
effects of 20-24 drinks
coma
effects of >24 drinks
death due to respiratory depression
excessive emotional or psychological reliance on a partner, typically a partner who requires support due to an illness or addiction.
co-dependence
psychological symptoms of chemical dependency?
Denial, depression, anxiety, dependency, hopelessness, low self esteem
Psychotherapy for dependence?
- Alternative coping mechanisms to reduce reliance on substances.*
- Confidentiality must be maintained.**
- Many changes occur during the first 6 months of sobriety.***
- Psychotherapy needs to be directive, open and honest and caring.
Three basic fundamental concepts of 12 step programs?
- Individuals with addictive problems are powerless.
- Not responsible for their disease but responsible for their recovery.
- They must face their problems and their feelings.
