Additional chapter 5 Flashcards
(45 cards)
myocardium
heart muscle
endocardium
membrane lining the cavities of the heart
hypotension
low blood pressure
hypertension (HTN)
high blood pressure
arrhythmia
any of several kinds of irregularity or loss of rhythm of the heartbeat
bradycardia
slow heart rate (less than 60 beats/minute)
tachycardia
fast heart rate (greater than 100 beats/minute)
cardiomyopathy
a general term for disease of the heart muscle, such as alcoholic cardiomyopathy (damage to the heart muscle caused by excessive consumption of alcohol)
endarterectomy
surgical removal of the lining of an artery to clear a blockage caused by a clot or atherosclerotic plaque buildup
anastomosis
opening; the joining of two blood vessels to allow flow from one to the other
MI
myocardial infarction
heart attack; death of myocardial tissue (infarction) caused by ischemia (loss of blood flow) as a result of an occlusion (plugging) of a coronary artery; usually caused by atherosclerosis; symptoms include pain in the chest or upper body (shoulders, neck, and jaw), shortness of breath, diaphoresis, and nausea
CHF
congestive heart failure
failure of the left ventricle to pump an adequate amount of blood to meet the demands of the body, resulting in a “bottleneck” of congestion in the lungs that may extend to the veins, causing edema in lower portions of the body
MUGA
Multiple-gated Acquisition scan
nuclear image of the beating heart in motion made as radioactive isotopes are injected in the bloodstream and traced through the heart’s chambers; useful in evaluating the pumping function of the ventricles
CTA
computed tomographic angiography
specialized, noninvasive, three-dimensional (3-D) computed tomographic scan of the heart and circulation of the “greater” blood vessels, such as the coronary arteries, aorta, and pulmonary veins; performed with or without contrast
TEE
transesophageal echocardiogram
echocardiogram of the heart after placement of an ultrasonic transducer at the end of an endoscope inside the esophagus
PTCA
percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
a method for treating the narrowing of a coronary artery by inserting a specialized catheter with a balloon attachment, then inflating the balloon to dilate and open the narrowed portion of the vessel and restore blood flow to the myocardium; most often includes the placement of a stent
CABG
coronary artery bypass graft
grafting a portion of a blood vessel retrieved from another part of the body (e.g., a length of saphenous vein from the leg or mammary artery from the chest wall) to bypass an occluded coronary artery, restoring circulation to myocardial tissue; the traditional method includes temporary arrest of the heart with circulation (bypass) of the patient’s blood through a heart- lung machine during the procedure; an alternative, off-pump approach uses a stabilizer to perform the procedure on the beating heart; the abbreviation CABG is pronounced “cabbage”
ICD
implantable cardioverter defibrillator
an implanted, battery-operated device with rate-sensing leads; the device monitors cardiac impulses and initiates an electrical stimulus as needed to stop ventricular fibrillation or tachycardia
ACE
angiotensin-converting enzyme
ACS
acute coronary syndrome
ASD
atrial septal defect
AV
atrioventricular
BP
blood pressure
CAD
coronary artery disease
