Additional explanations

Question 1

bias frames provide

Answer 1

the pixel-to-pixel structure in the electronic noise

Question 2

ADC offset also known as

Answer 2

‘pedestal’ voltage

Question 3

Lumogen

Answer 3

coating that further improves QE response,

it absorbs UV and re-emits as optical

Question 4

short wavelength photons

Answer 4

are absorbed before they reach the depletion region

Question 5

for most UV-IR instruments, the image PSF caused by the instrument

Answer 5

is broader than the diffraction pattern

Question 6

time-varying signals

Answer 6

Autocorrelation

cepheid light curve

eclipsing binary

sunspot number

Question 7

quasi-periodic one where the period changes with time

Answer 7

Wavelet

Gravitational wave signal from merging black holes

solar flare in x-rays

Question 8

wavelength calibration graph

Answer 8

see notes

Question 9

ideally slit images should be

Answer 9

as narrow as possible and aligned with CCD columns

Question 10

matter and radiation

Answer 10

do not have to be in equilibrium

Question 11

coronal approximation

Answer 11

in the case where upwards transitions are collision-dominated

and downward transitions are due to spontaneous radiation

Question 12

de-population of metastable levels

Answer 12

largely due to collisions

gives a diagnostic handle on the electron density

Question 13

signals are well correlated

Answer 13

when the lag time t is chosen so that peaks/troughs are aligned

Question 14

if signals are uncorrelated

Answer 14

then there will be random products are giving something close to zero