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Domain 1- Food & Nutrition > Additives > Flashcards

Additives Flashcards

1
Q

what are additives

A

other “things” that appear in our food

make processed and convenience food possible

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2
Q

Are all additives bad

A

no

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3
Q

Example of a good additive

A

natural ones such as vinegar as a preservative or honey as an emulsifier

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4
Q

Flavorings

A

used to boost the flavor of a product or pie it a flavor to trick our taste buds into thinking it is something is isn’t

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5
Q

what can a flavoring be according to the code of federal regulations?

A

essential oil, oleoresin, essence or extractive, protein hydrolysate, distillate, or any product of roasting, heating, or enzymolysis, which contains the flavoring constituents derived from a spice, fruit, or fruit juice, vegetable or vegetable juice, edible yeast, herb, bark, bud, root, leaf or similar plant material, meat, seafood, poultry, eggs, dairy products, or fermentation products thereof, whose significant function in food is flavoring rather than nutritional

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6
Q

what is a flavorings significant function

A

flavoring rather than nutritional

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7
Q

diacetyl

A

flavoring item of special concern; chemical used to create the buttery flavor in microwaveable popcorn- popcorn lung/bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome

can cause accumulation of amyloid-b, linked to Alzheimer’s disease

margarine, food sprays, candies, oils

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8
Q

natural flavor examples

A

MSG, castoreum (beaver anal gland secretions)

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9
Q

Preservatives

A

prevent growth of mold and bacteria to keep food from decomposing, or stop the ripening process until delivered to grocery store

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10
Q

Common preservatives

A

BHA, BHT, EDTA, TBHQ, benzoates, propionates, nitrates, sulfites

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11
Q

Risks of preservatives

A

allergies, asthma, eczema, migraines, digestive distress, cancer, or toxic

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12
Q

Emulsifiers

A

keep foods from separating; many possess anti-caking or anti-foaming properties and are used in whipped goods, some control rate of crysallization in peanut butter, shortenings

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13
Q

Natural emulsifers

A

eggs, honey, mustard

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14
Q

commercial emulsifiers are often found in…

A

creamy foods, soft drinks, frozen foods, many breads or baked goods, and spreads such as margarine

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15
Q

carageenan

A

made from red seaweed, avoid in diet- potential for free glutamic acid (MSG), highly inflammatory to GI tract

can cause ulcerative colitis like symptoms in animal studies, colon cancer

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16
Q

polysorbate 80

A

common emulsifier, carcinogenic effect

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17
Q

propylene glycol

A

emulsifier; alternative use in antifreeze; can cause allergies and asthma in children or other skin problems

ice creams, yogurts, cakes and other sweets, beer, salad dressings, and in pre-made cookie and cake mixes

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18
Q

FDA regulation covering incidental food additive labeling

A

allows manufacturer to skip any mention of an additive on the label

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19
Q

stabilizers

A

thicken foods and increase effect of emulsifiers to prevent ingredients from separating, make food colors brighter and more consistent

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20
Q

stabilizer examples

A

dressings condiments, low-fat dairy products, spreads like margarine

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21
Q

stabilizer risks

A

alginic acid- found in ice cream and frozen treats, shown to cause distention of lower intestine, bumpy bladder, renal pelvic calcium deposits in rats

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22
Q

glycerol

A

stabilizer

plasticizer for edible coatings that surround some meats and cheese; can irritate mouth, lips, mucus membranes

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23
Q

gelatin

A

from bones and other animal parts, potential source of MSG

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24
Q

pectin

A

created from fruit, potential source of MSG

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25
sorbate
additive cooked fish, yogurt, sour cream, fudge, cottage cheese, margarine, mayo, fruit juices, canned fruit, frozen fruit, pie filings, jams, jellies, many dried fruit
26
benzoate
soda, lemonade, energy drinks, cider, margarine, fruit juices, pickles
27
sulfite
alcoholic beverages, pickles, olives, salad dressing mixes, wine vinegar, white sugar, shrimp, lobster, scallops, gelatin, jams, jellies, shredded coconut, maraschino cherries, canned veggies, dried soup mixes
28
nitrite/nitrate
hot dogs, lunchmeat, bacon, ham, smoked fish, processed meat
29
propionate
baked goods, dried milk, condensed milk, flavored milk, flavored yogurt, canned fish, alcoholic beverages, sports drinks, diet foods, vinegar, mustard
30
gallate
fats, oils, mayonnaise, shortening, baked foods, dried meat, dried milk
31
natural additives
not necessarily harmful; often used in gluten free products as extra binders and thickeners, or in response to demand for non chemical additives do not appear to have any significant health concerns
32
acacia gum
natural additive acacia tree; prevent crystallization of sugar and thickener for foods like jellies, gum, and candies
33
acetic acid
natural additive wide range of plants and fruits; similar to vinegar; cheeses, baked foods, condiments, pickles
34
ascorbic acid
natural additive form of vitamin c; frozen fruits, dry milk, beer, juices, preserves, cooked meat products
35
ascorbic palmitate
natural additive ascorbic acid salt; prevents foods from going rancid and is also used to cure meats
36
agar agar
natural additive made from seaweed; substitute for gelatin
37
albumen
natural additive made from egg whites; emulsifier; don't eat if allergic to eggs
38
astragalus gummifier
natural additive aka tragacanth; gummy resin from astragalus plant; modeling frosting, lozenges, pills
39
beta glucan
natural additive oats or barley; soluble fiber found in baked goods, beverages, some thickened dairy products
40
citric acid
natural additive sodium citrate; fermenting sugars in citrus fruit; flavoring for tart flavor, acid-alkaline balancer, curing foods
41
d-alpha tocopherol
natural additive made from vitamin E; preservative can keep oils from going rancid
42
guar gum
natural additive guar beans; frozen fruit, icings, thickener for drinks; binding agent in baked goods, dressings, some dairy products
43
inulin
natural additive chicory, function as a binder, emulsifier, stabilizer, texturizer
44
lactase
natural additive enzyme that breaks down lactose (milk sugar)
45
lecithin
natural additive from eggs, soy, corn best in organic form emulsifier in chocolate, baked goods, frozen desserts, vegetable/animal fat products antioxidant in breakfast cereals, sweets like candy, chocolate, baked goods
46
papain
natural additive from papaya, enzyme used to tenderize meat
47
pectin
natural additive available from roots, stems, fruits of certain plants, thickener or stabilizer, found in jams, ice creams, frozen desserts
48
soba
natural additive another name for buckwheat; often used in pasta products
49
sorghum
natural additive grain that process a very sweet syrup often used as a texturized and/or sweetener
50
xanthan gum
natural additive corn sugar gum; best in organic form; thickener emulsifier or stabilizer in dairy products or dressings
51
What are additives used for
preservative chemicals, emulsifiers, stabilizers, flavorings, artificial colors, sweeteners, maintain product consistency, assure some nutritional value, prevent spoilage and contamination, enhance flavor and color
52
top-three non food items
HFCS, MSG, artificial flavors
53
HFCS
sweetener, very cheap contribute to obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, other diseases
54
MSG
sodium salt, aka free glutamic acid flavor enhancer can cause various illnesses-headaches, flushing or sweating, numbness, tingling, burning on face/neck, heart palpitations, chest pain, nausea, weakness
55
MSG is frequently found in these foods...
salad dressings, sauces, flavored potato chips, seasoning mixes, highly processed foods
56
Ingredients that always contain MSG
glutamic acid, anything glutamate, anything hydrolyzed, anything autolyzed, yeast extract, calcium caseinate, sodium caseinate, gelatin, textured protein, "soy protein" anything
57
Ingredients that frequently contain MSG
carrageenan, bouillon/broth/stock, anything flavors or flavoring, maltodextrin, citric acid/citrate, anything ultra-pasteurized, barley malt, pectin, anything containing enzymes, anything fermented (sauerkraut, kimchi, kefir), anything protein fortified, malt extract, many forms of whey protein, soy sauce, seasonings
58
Most common food coloring additives
red #40, yellow #5, yellow #6 = 90% of dyes used contain benzidene, a carcinogen
59
caramel coloring
a blend of ammonia and sulfites mixed with sugar, or just made of ammonia in beer, soy sauce, balsamic, other dark brown foods
60
caramel coloring risks
could lead to lung, liver, thyroid cancer
61
todays food coloring dyes are _______ based
petroleum
62
coloring and ADD
link between artificial colors and temper tantrums, allergic reactions, poor concentration in children study showed as many as 50% of kids showed improvement when these were removed from diet
63
annatto
natural colorant also boxing or bixaceae natural color = exempt from regulation, doesn't have to be directly listed tropical tree seeds, gives food an orange/yellow appearance
64
annatto risks
high allergenic potential; IBS, urticartica, asthma, other allergic reactions
65
annatto foods
commonly found in cheeses, crackers, cereals, could be in artificial color or color added table
66
cochineal extract
natural colorant aka carmine from crushed dried bodies of female costa insects and appears in food and cosmetics red color can be listed as cochineal dye, carmine, carminic acid, or natural color
67
cochineal extract foods
yogurt, cranberry juice, ice cream, some candies
68
cochineal risks
high allergenic potential; asthma, dermal reactions to lip salve with it, wide variety of allergic reactions

Domain 1- Food & Nutrition (16 decks)

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