ADHD Flashcards
DEFINE ADHD (Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder)
A chronic childhood behavioural disorder characterised by developmentally inappropriate ATTENTION SKILLS, HYPERACTIVITY and IMPULSIVITY
EXPLAIN ATTENTION SKILLS
Behavioural and cognitive process of selectively focussing on specific task or information, and ignoring other perceivable information
EXPLAIN HYPERACTIVITY
To move about constantly, including in situations when it is not appropriate, or excessively fidgets, taps, or talks.
EXPLAIN IMPULSIVITY
a tendency to act with little or no forethought, reflection, or consideration of the consequences
Prevalence globally ——-, with an average of around 5%.
Diagnosed approximately twice as often in —– than in ——- (1.6 times more often in —– than in —-)
girls present with slightly different symptoms, more —– than ——
2% AND 7%
Boys than girls
men than women\more inattention than hyperactivity
Children with ADHD show an increased risk of what?
ACCIDENTAL INJURIES, POOR RELATIONSHIP WITH PEERS AND PARENTS, WORSE QUALITY OF LIFE, and IMPAIRED SCHOOL PERFORMANCE.
how do you diagnose symptoms of ADHD?
1)must meet DSM‑5 or ICD‑10 diagnostic criteria
2) cause at least moderate psychological, social and/or educational or occupational impairment
3) be pervasive, occurring in 2 or more important settings including social, familial, educational and/or occupational settings.
4) include an assessment of the person’s needs, coexisting conditions, social, familial and educational or occupational circumstances and physical health.
There is no single test to diagnose ADHD. true or false?
true
what are the other conditions that have similar symptoms to ADHD?
sleep disorders
anxiety
depression
and certain types of learning disabilities,
ADHD must show a persistent pattern of —— and/or ——– , ——- that interferes with functioning or development
inattention
hyperactivity
impulsivity
DSM 5 FOR INATTENTION must have how many symptoms for children up to 16years?
6 or more symptoms
DSM 5 FOR INATTENTION must have how many symptoms for adolescents age 17 years and older and adults?
5 or more
Symptoms of inattention have been present for at least 6 months, and they are inappropriate for developmental level. WHAT ARE THEY?
Often fails to give close attention to details or makes careless mistakes in schoolwork, at work, or with other activities.
Often has trouble holding attention on tasks or play activities.
Often does not seem to listen when spoken to directly.
Often does not follow through on instructions and fails to finish schoolwork, chores, or duties in the workplace (e.g., loses focus, side-tracked).
Often has trouble organising tasks and activities.
Often avoids, dislikes, or is reluctant to do tasks that require mental effort over a long period of time (such as schoolwork or homework).
Often loses things necessary for tasks and activities (e.g. school materials, pencils, books, tools, wallets, keys, paperwork, eyeglasses, mobile telephones).
Is often easily distracted
Is often forgetful in daily activities.
DSM 5 FOR HYPERACTIVITY-IMPULSIVITY must have how many symptoms for children up to 16yrs
6 or more
DSM 5 for HYPERSCTIVITY-IMPULSIVITY must have how many symptoms for adolescents age 17 years and older and adults
5 or more
Symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity have been present for at least 6 months to an extent that is disruptive and inappropriate for the person’s developmental level. WHAT ARE THEY?
Often fidgets with or taps hands or feet, or squirms in seat.
Often leaves seat in situations when remaining seated is expected.
Often runs about or climbs in situations where it is not appropriate (adolescents or adults may be limited to feeling restless).
Often unable to play or take part in leisure activities quietly.
Is often “on the go” acting as if “driven by a motor”.
Often talks excessively.
Often blurts out an answer before a question has been completed.
Often has trouble waiting their turn.
Often interrupts or intrudes on others (e.g., butts into conversations or games)
In addition to DSM 5, what are the additional conditions that must be met in other to diagnose ADHD?
Several inattentive or hyperactive-impulsive symptoms were present before age 12 years.
Several symptoms are present in two or more settings, (such as at home, school or work; with friends or relatives; in other activities).
There is clear evidence that the symptoms interfere with, or reduce the quality of, social, school, or work functioning.
The symptoms are not better explained by another mental disorder (such as a mood disorder, anxiety disorder, dissociative disorder, or a personality disorder).
The symptoms do not happen only during the course of schizophrenia or another psychotic disorder.
To diagnose ADHD in adults and adolescents age 17 years or older, only —- symptoms are needed instead of the —- needed for younger children
5 instead of 6
ADHD often lasts into adulthood. TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
Symptoms might look different in older ages. Give an example.
in adults, hyperactivity may appear as extreme restlessness or wearing others out with their activity.
What are the three kinds of ADHD presentation?
1) Combined Presentation
if enough symptoms of INATTENTION AND HYPERACTIVITY-IMPULSIVITY were present for the past 6 months
2) Predominantly Inattentive Presentation
if enough symptoms of inattention, but not hyperactivity-impulsivity, were present for the past six months
3) Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Presentation
if enough symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity, but not inattention, were present for the past six months.
symptoms and presentations can change over time. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
What are the neurobiology of involved in ADHD symptoms?
Genes
Neurotransmitter (noradrenaline, dopamine, serotonin)
brain circuits/region
brain processes (motivation function, executive function)
ADHD is ——– and highly ——-
familial and heritable
