ADHD Flashcards
What is ADHD?
A Neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity
ADHD stands for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.
What are the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for ADHD?
Criteria A: 5 or more symptoms of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity
Criteria B: Several symptoms present by the age of 12
Criteria C: Several symptoms present in two or more settings
Criteria D: Symptoms interfere with or reduce quality of social, educational or occupational functioning
Criteria E: Symptoms are not better explained by another condition
What are symptoms of inattention in ADHD?
- Lack of attention to details; makes careless mistakes
- Difficulty sustaining attention
- Does not listen when spoken to directly
- Trouble completing tasks
- Problems organising tasks and activities
- Avoids or dislikes sustained mental effort
- Loses and misplaces things
- Easily distracted
- Forgetful in daily activities
What are symptoms of hyperactivity/impulsivity in ADHD?
- Fidgeting; tapping hands or feet; squirming in seat
- Leaves seat
- Feeling restless or overactive
- Always on the go
- Difficulty engaging in leisure activities quietly
- Excessive talking
- Difficulty waiting in line/taking turns
- Blurts out answers before question completed
- Interrupts/intrudes on others when working or busy
What is the ICD-10 classification for ADHD?
F90.0 Disturbance of Activity and Attention
Requires presence of both inattention and hyperactivity.
What is required for the diagnosis of ADHD according to ICD-10?
- 6 symptoms of inattention
- 3 symptoms of hyperactivity
- 1 symptom of impulsivity
- Onset no later than aged 7
- Symptoms present in more than one setting
What aspects of life can ADHD impair in adults?
- Quality of Life
- Family Life
- Work
- Love
- Education
- Activities of Daily Living
What are some associated features of ADHD in adults according to DSM-5?
- Mild delays in language, motor or social development
- Low frustration tolerance, irritability, mood lability
- Academic or work performance impairment
- Cognitive problems on tests of attention, executive function or working memory
What is the prevalence of adult ADHD?
2.5-3.2% according to Asherson et al, 2016
Prevalence can be higher (10%-20%) in common mental disorders.
What factors are involved in the heritability of ADHD?
- Genetic studies
- Family studies
- Twin studies
What is the first line of management for ADHD?
- Information
- Lifestyle advice
- Pharmacological treatment
Fill in the blank: ADHD is a _______ disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.
Neurodevelopmental
True or False: Symptoms of ADHD must be present in only one setting for diagnosis.
False
What is the role of NICE guidelines in ADHD assessment?
Provide recommendations for diagnosis and management
NICE stands for the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence.
What is a significant cognitive deficit often seen in adults with ADHD?
Problems with attention, executive function, or working memory
What is the impact of ADHD on education?
Academic or work performance is impaired even in the absence of a specific learning difficulty
