Encephalitis Flashcards
(18 cards)
What are the main types of encephalitis?
Infectious encephalitis and immune mediated
What are the types of immune mediated encephalitis?
Post infectious and autoimmune
What are the causes of infective encephalitis
Viral
Bacteria
Protozoa
Rickettsial
Fungi
What are the causes of autoimmune encephalitis
Paraneoplastic
Non-paraneoplastic
SLE
ADEM 
What are the acute psychiatric symptoms of HSV?
Agitation
Confusion
Psychosis, especially hallucinations
Mania
Delirium
Confabulation
Catatonia
What are the chronic psychiatric symptoms of HSV?
Cognitive impairment, especially and anterograde amnesia
Executive/frontal dysfunction
Disinhibition
Aggression
Kluver-Bucy syndrome 
What is Kluver-Bucy syndrome
Klüver–Bucy syndrome is a syndrome resulting from lesions of the medial temporal lobe, particularly Brodmann area 38, causing compulsive eating, hypersexuality, a compulsive need to insert inappropriate objects in the mouth, visual agnosia, and docility.
What are the features of diseases called by antibodies targeting extracellular proteins in the CNS?
Auto antibodies bind to key ion channels, receptors or associated proteins on the neuronal cell surface
Often presentations are acute or subacute
Antibodies are present in the serum and also CSF
Cognitive seizures and movement disorders are common
Patient’s response to immunotherapies
Adult and children
Extra cellular proteins that cause antibody mediated disease
VGKC
LGI1
CASPR2
Contactin 2
NMDA receptor
Glycerin receptor
AMPA receptor
GABAB receptor
Dopamine receptor
DPPX
GABAA receptor 
NMDA receptor encephalitis is associated with which type of tumour?
Ovarian teratoma 
VGKC encephalitis is better considered as encephalopathic syndrome of which two antibodies
LGI1 and Caspr2
What is the typical clinical course of LGI1 encephalitis
Paroxysmal dizzy spells, FBDS and new onset epilepsy
Neuro psychiatric symptoms of apathy or disinhibition and cognitive dysfunction such as amnesia or visuospatial decline
And
Autonomic dysfunction and increasing seizure frequency 
What is the clinical criteria for diagnosing autoimmune encephalitis?
Subacute onset of working memory deficits altered mental status or psychiatric symptoms and at least one of focal CNS symptoms seizures CSF pleocytosis and MRI 
What are problems with with Graus criteria
Neurological symptom heavy
Possible classification assume EEG or MRI
Definite criteria are not specific enough

What is encephalitis lethargica?
Pharyngitis followed by a sleep disorder, basil ganglia sign and neuro psychiatric symptoms
What are the main forms of encephalitis lethargica?
Somnolent opthlalmoplegic
Hyperkinetic
Parkinsonism
Psychotic 
What is the chronic sequelae of encephalitis lethargica?
Parkinsonism
Compulsive behaviour
Psychosis
Catatonia
