ADHD Flashcards
What does ADHD stand for?
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Name the triad of difficulties
- inattention
- hyperactivity
- impulsivity
What is the prevalence of ADHD?
5.29%
What is the impact of ADHD in kids?
Parenting difficulties, increased home stress, emotional dysregulation, poor decision making, barrier to education, antisocial
What is the impact of ADHD in adults?
Psychiatric co-morbidity, criminality, substance misuse, occupational impairments
What process allows adults to have less ADHD symptoms?
Cortical maturation allows the brain to comptensate for cognitive deficits
Name three factors in the aetiology of ADHD
Genetic, perinatal precipitants, psychosocial adversity
What is the risk of a child having ADHD if one of their parents has it?
60%
Name some perinatal precipitants of ADHD
Smoking, alcohol, hypoxia, complicated delivery
Describe the neurobiology of ADHD
Underactive frontal lobe - excessive dopamine removal system (more reuptake inhibitors), reduction in noradrenaline and serotonin
What is the criteria for ADHD diagnosis in kids?
6+ symptoms of inattentiveness
and/or 6+ symptoms of impulsiveness and hyperactivity
Present before 5 years old
Consistent across settings and gets in the way of life
What is the criteria for ADHD diagnosis in adults?
5 or more symptoms of inattentiveness
and/or 5+ symptoms of impulsiveness and hyperactivity
Historical concerns since early age
Effect on - work/education/driving/relationships
What non-pharamacological treatment can be given in ADHD?
- psychosocial intervention
- parenting programmes
- social skills training
- sleep and diet modification
- educational interventions
What is first line medication for ADHD?
Stimulants
- methylphenidate
- dexamfetamine
- lisdexamfetamine
What is the second line medication for ADHD?
SNRI - atomoxetine
