ADME Flashcards
Drugs must be dissolved before being absorbed T/F
True
The proteins found in the plasma lipid membrane are
Integral protein
Lipid anchored protein
Peripheral protein
Transmembrane protein
90% of drugs in clinical practice uses what mechanisms of drug transport
Passive diffusion
Facilitated diffusion
Facilitated diffusion is faster than passive diffusion T/F
True
The membrane physiology that affects drug absorption include
Thickness of the membrane
Surface area of the membrane
Transport mechanism in the membrane
What is gastric emptying
This is the process by which the content of the stomach is emptied into the small intestine particularly the duodenum
The principal site of absorption of most orally ingested drugs is …………..
Duodenum
A rapid gastric emptying favours drugs absorbed in ……..
Small intestine
Metoclopramide and domperidone are ………
Dopaminergic antagonist used to emesis and it increases peristaltic movement thus gastric emptying
Factors that decrease gastric emptying include
Drugs
Anticholinergic( atropine)
Analgesics(Aspirin)
Narcotics( morphine)
High calorie foods and fatty foods like carbohydrate
Proteins increases gastric pH T/F
True
Lipid food increases the solubility of lipid soluble drugs like ………
Griseofulvin
Arthemeter
Drugs like tetracycline are chelated by ……..
Milk
Calcium-rich foods
A commonly known CYP450 inhibition and drug efflux transporter inhibitor is ……..
Grape fruit
Ways in which food can affect the absorption of a drug are
Through gastric emptying
pH of the stomach
Solubility of the drug
Chelation of the drug
Metabolism/first pass effect on the drug
What is GI motility
The overall speed with which food moves along the alimentary canal
Laxatives Cathartics that increases GI motility reduces the overall absorption of …… when co administered
Drugs
How does GI blood flow affect drug absorption
Directly proportional I.e the more the GI flow the greater the absorption of drug
Mechanism of pre systemic metabolism include
Intestinal bacteria
Enzymes in alimentary canal
Hepatic enzyme
Pathologic conditions that affect drug absorption include
Diseases
Surgery
Inflammation
Drug interaction
List the diseases of the GI and how they affect absorption of drug
Achlohydra - diseases that leads to reduction in secretion of hydrochloric acid hence Decreased absorption of weakly acidic drugs e.g aspirin
Celiac or crohn’s causes malabsorption hence general defects in absorption
Congestive heart disease - edema of the intestine, Decreased blood flow which leads to decreased absorption
Hepatic disease and liver cirrhosis which increases the availability of drugs that should undergo first pass effect
What is the effect of Gastrectomy and intestinal resection on drug absorption
Gastrectomy and intestinal resection increases gastric emptying and gastric motility
What is the effectbof inflammation on drug absorption
It decrease GI transit time hence decreases absorption
Drug -drug interaction that affects absorption is similar to the effect f food on drug absorption
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