Adnexal structures and disorders

Question 1

Tx for acne that doesn’t respond to topical agents

Answer 1

1. Abx–tetracyclines (but major side effects)
2. oral contraceptives (women only, to reduce androgens)
3. isotretinoin

Question 2

sebaceous glands:

• produce what
• what type of secretion
• when active?

Answer 2

1. sebum (oil)
2. holocrine secretion (cell dies to release)
3. active at birth, also at puberty by androgens

Question 3

tinea versicolor

• etiology
• clinical signs

Answer 3

• caused by Malassezia Furfur, normal flora of skin
• scaly patches of hypo- or hyperpigmentation
• ‘spaghetti and meatballs’ dx (pseudohyphae and spores)

Question 4

possible disorders of sebaceous glands

Answer 4

1. hyperhidrosis
2. hypohidrosis/anhidrosis

Question 4

types of hair (3)

• which one is anorexia
• which is hirsutism

Answer 4

1. lanugo (fetal)–also anorexia
2. vellus (fine)
3. terminal (coarse)–hirsutism

Question 6

Alopecia areata

• etiology
• tx

Answer 6

• patchy loss of hair
• autoimmune
• tx with topical steroids

Question 7

hair growth cycle

Answer 7

1. anagen–growth
2. catagen–transition phase
3. telogen–no growth, hair is shed

Question 8

types of sweat glands

Answer 8

1. eccrine–all over body, release directly into skin
2. apocrine–(smelly) armpit, anogenital. release into follicle.

Question 9

telogen effluvium

Answer 9

• more percentage of hair goes into telogen phase, where they stop growing and shed.
• slowly returns to normal