Adolescence through to older age

Question 1

Described by Anna Freud as the sudden changes between affection and lack of affection that occur in teenagers

Answer 1

Affective instability

Question 2

Described by Erikson as a temporary poorly adaptive state that adolescents go through as they are questioning their identity

Answer 2

Adolescent turmoil

Question 3

Expanded on Erikson’s psychosocial development to describe the formation of identity during adolescence

Answer 3

Marcia

Question 4

As described by Marcia this occurs when an adolescent has not explored nor committed to an identity

Answer 4

Identity confusion/diffusion

Question 5

As described by Marcia this occurs when an adolescent commits to an identity without exploring options

Answer 5

Foreclosure

Question 6

As described by Marcia this occurs when an adolescent is exploring options but has not yet committed to an identity

Answer 6

Moratorium

Question 7

As described by Marcia this occurs when an adolescent has explored their options and then committed to an identity

Answer 7

Achievement

Question 8

Range of ages during which normal puberty starts in males

Answer 8

9-14 years

Question 9

Range of ages during which normal puberty starts in females

Answer 9

8-14

Question 10

Mean age of onset of puberty in males

Answer 10

11-12

Question 11

Mean age of onset of puberty in females

Answer 11

11

Question 12

Mean age at menarche

Answer 12

12.5 years

Question 13

Age of puberty starting to class as precocious puberty in males

Answer 13

9

Question 14

Age of puberty starting to class as precocious puberty in females

Answer 14

<8

Question 15

Five stage criteria that describes physical changes in puberty in both males and females

Answer 15

Tanner’s criteria

Question 16

Average tanner stage at which menarche occurs

Answer 16

4

Question 17

Term for the onset of secondary breast development

Answer 17

Thelarche

Question 18

Average tanner stages at which the pubertal growth spurt occurs in males

Answer 18

3-4

Question 19

Average tanner stage at which the pubertal growth spurt occurs in females

Answer 19

2-3

Question 20

Nine stages of ego and personal identity development described by Jane Loevinger

Answer 20

Presocial
Impulsive
Self protective
Conformist
Self aware
Conscientious
Individualistic
Autonomous
Integrated

Question 21

Term that describes the fact romantic partners are often from the same socioeconomic and cultural background

Answer 21

Homogamous mate selection

Question 22

Coined the term ‘midlife crisis’

Answer 22

Elliot Jacques

Question 23

Hormone released at times of increased stress that during pregnancy can increase the risk of preterm labour, low birth weight and intrauterine infection

Answer 23

Corticotrophin releasing hormone

Question 24

Phases in retirement

Answer 24

Pre-retirement
Honeymoon
Disenchantment
Reorientation
Stability
Termination

Question 25

Stage of retirement in which there is increasing anxiety at the retirement of friends and peers

Answer 25

Pre-retirement

Question 26

Stage of retirement in which there is enjoyment of the increased freedom felt

Answer 26

Honeymoon

Question 27

Stage of retirement in which there is a slowing down and mood can be lower due to expectations not being met

Answer 27

Disenchantment

Question 28

Stage of retirement in which new avenues are explored and expectations become more realistic

Answer 28

Reorientation

Question 29

Stage of retirement in which activity choices are made and mastery may be attained in a chosen hobby

Answer 29

Stability

Question 30

Stage of retirement in which there is increasing frailty and physical problems and eventually death

Answer 30

Termination

Question 31

Created a developmental theory based on age rather than events

Answer 31

Levinson

Question 32

Loneliness felt by parents when children leave home

Answer 32

Empty nest distress

Question 33

Age at which the midlife transition/midlife crisis occurs

Answer 33

40-45

Question 34

The voluntary giving up of a pressurised career and well paid job for a more fulfilling life

Answer 34

Downshifting

Question 35

Reduction of social interaction in older adults where there is mutual withdrawal of society and the individual

Answer 35

Social disengagement

Question 36

Reduction of social interaction in older adults where the withdrawal is not mutual but forced

Answer 36

Social re-engagement

Question 37

Reduction of social interaction in older adults where increasing age lessens someone's ability to engage in reciprocal roles, and their social contract allows for increased leisure time and decreased responsibilities

Answer 37

Social exchange theory

Question 38

Reduction of social interaction in older adults where someone wisely invests their time to a limited number of people they are most familiar with

Answer 38

Socio-emotional selectivity theory

Question 39

Evidence to support the existence of a midlife crisis

Answer 39

Little evidence

Question 40

People who adolescents prefer to discuss sexual and personal issues with

Answer 40

Peers

Question 41

Type of ceremony used in some cultures which leads to lower negative transition to adulthood, and lower risk-taking in adulthood

Answer 41

Initiation ceremonies