Adrenal Cortex

Question 1

All hormones of adrenal cortex are collectively called

Answer 1

Corticosteroids

Question 2

How many zones are present in adrenal cortex

Answer 2

3

Question 3

Which is the largest zone of all 3 zones in adrenal cortex

Answer 3

Zona fasciculata

Question 4

Which zone secretes mineralocorticoid and has which specific enzyme

Answer 4

Zona glomerulosa , Aldosterone synthase

Question 5

Main glucocorticoid is

Answer 5

Cortisol

Question 6

Main mineralocorticoid is

Answer 6

Aldosterone

Question 7

All corticosteroids are synthesized from

Answer 7

Cholesterol provided mainly by LDL

Question 8

Main plasma proteins for transport of aldosterone and cortisol

Answer 8

Transcortin and albumin

Question 9

Adrenal steroids are degraded in which organ

Answer 9

Liver

Question 10

Hormones having both M.coid and G.coid activity

Answer 10

Cortisone and corticosterone

Question 11

Plasma conc.of cortisol in mg

Answer 11

15 mg /day

Question 12

Plasma conc.of aldosterone

Answer 12

0.15 mg / day

Question 13

Corticosteroids are synthesized in which organelles

Answer 13

Mitochondria and Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 14

Synthetic mineralocorticoid is

Answer 14

9alpha-flurocortisol

Question 15

Synthetic glucocorticoid is

Answer 15

Dexamethasone

Prednisone

Question 16

Principle function of aldosterone

Answer 16

Excretion of potassium ions

Retention of sodium ions

Question 17

Mechanism by which kidney normalises blood volume and pressure in high aldosterone states is called

Answer 17

ALDOSTERONE ESCAPE

Question 18

Most important regulatory factors for Aldosterone are

Answer 18

Angiotensin ii

Pottasium concentration in plasma

Question 19

Cortisol is also called

Answer 19

Hydrocortisone

Question 20

Cortisol is released from which part of adrenal cortex

Answer 20

Zona fasciculata

Question 21

Effect of cortisol on carbohydrate metabolism

W.r.t insulin

Answer 21

Increases insulin resistance of cells

Thus decreasing glucose uptake and utilisation

Question 22

Effect of cortisol on carbohydrate metabolism w.r.t gluconeogenesis

Answer 22

Increases gluconeogenesis in liver

Question 23

Effect of cortisol on protein metabolism w.r.t

Protein mobilisation

Answer 23

Amino acid mobilisation increase towards liver

So as to support gluconeogenesis and decreasing the protein stores of cells

Question 24

Effect of cortisol on fat metabolism w.r.t. to fat mobilisation and oxidation

Answer 24

Increased mobilisation of fatty acids and increased oxidation of fatty acids

Question 25

Cortisol is used for anti-inflammatory substance because it the permeability of capillary

Answer 25

Decreases

Question 26

During inflammation cortisol the production of lymphocytes and other immune cells

Answer 26

Decreases

Question 27

Increased blood flow due to infected substances is called

Answer 27

ERYTHEMA

Question 28

Main regulating hormone for cortisol is

Answer 28

ACTH

Question 29

ACTH activates which secondary messenger system for production of cortisol

Answer 29

cAMP System

Question 30

Causes of hypoadrenalism are

Answer 30

: Tumor covering cortices : AUTOIMMUNE DISORDER : LOW ACTH LEVELS

Question 31

Effects of low aldosterone w.r.t sodium and potassium and hydrogen ions

Answer 31

Low sodium levels High pottasium levels Mild elevation of H+ ions

Question 32

Effect of low aldosterone on blood vol and pressure

Answer 32

Low blood vol and low pressure due to loos of H2O

Question 33

Effect of low cortisol of appetite and body weight

Answer 33

Loss of appetite and low body weight

Question 34

Effect of low cortisol on muscle and why

Answer 34

It causes muscle weakness due to less mobilisation of AAs and FAs

Question 35

Effect of low cortisol on skin and why

Answer 35

Hyperpigmentation due to high levels of MSH released along with high ACTH

Question 36

Symptom of hypoadrenalism w.r.t GIT

Answer 36

vomitting Constipation Diarrhea

Question 37

Causes of hyperadrenalism are

Answer 37

Cancer of - pituitary , hypothalamus , adrenal cortex

Question 38

Effect of high androgens in hyperadrenalism( growth of facial hair )

Answer 38

Acne , Hirsutism

Question 39

Effect of high cortisol on muscles and why

Answer 39

Increased protein mobilisation causes muscle weakness

Question 40

Effect of high cortisol in bones

Answer 40

Increased mobilisation of protein causes osteoporosis

Question 41

Effect of increased cortisol on blood sugar

Answer 41

Increases

Question 42

Primary aldosteronism is also called

Answer 42

CONN'S SYNDROME

Question 43

What happens in conn's syndrome

Answer 43

Increased Aldosterone due to developed tumor in cortices and only increased Aldosterone occurs Causing hypokalemia and muscle paralysis (frequent episodes)