Pancreas Endocrinology And Glucose Homeostasis

Question 1

Group of cells in pancreas secreting endocrine hormones

Answer 1

Islets of Langerhans

Question 2

Major portion of islets of Langerhans is formed by which cells

Answer 2

Beta cells

Question 3

Alpha cells secrete

Answer 3

Glucagon

Question 4

Alpha cells secrete

Answer 4

Glucagon

Question 5

Beta cells secrete

Answer 5

Insulin and amylin

Question 6

Delta cells secrete

Answer 6

Somatostatin

Question 7

Preinsulin contain how many PP chains

Answer 7

3 (A,B,C)

Question 8

A,B,C chains are linked by

Answer 8

Disulfide linkages

Question 9

Binding of insulin to its receptor activates which enzyme

Answer 9

Tyrosine kinase

Question 10

Effect of insulin on muscle during resting state w.r.t proteins

Answer 10

AA uptake increases
Protein synthesis increases
Protein degradation decreases

Question 11

Effect of insulin on muscle with respect to potassium ions

Answer 11

Increases pottasium ions conc.in the cells

Question 12

Effect of insulin on muscle with respect to glucose

Answer 12

During exercise or just after meal glucose upatke of muscle increases for energy or converting it into glycogen but in resting state very less upatke takes place

Question 13

Effect of insulin on liver with respect to glucose

Answer 13

Gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis decreases

While glycogen synthesis increases

Question 14

Effect of insulin on liver with respect to protein

Answer 14

Protein synthesis increases

Question 15

Effect of insulin on liver with respect to fat

Answer 15

Excess fat is is transported as triglycerides to the adipose tissue

Question 16

Effect of insulin on adipose tissue with respect to fatty acid conversion

Answer 16

More and more fatty acids are converted to triglycerides and stored

Question 17

Effect Of insulin on adipose tissue with respect to glucose uptake

Answer 17

Glucose uptake in adipose tissue increases

Question 18

Effect of insulin deficiency with respect to fat metabolism

Answer 18

Increased lipolysis of TGs , increased cholesterol in blood stream and increase ketogenesis causing ketosis and acidosis

Question 19

Important factor for insulin release is

Answer 19

Glucose concentration of the bloodstream

Question 20

Hormones increasing the release of insulin are

Answer 20

Cortisol, growth hormone and estogen

Question 21

Amino acids that increase insulin secretion are

Answer 21

Arginine and lysine

Question 22

Main effects of glucagon are

Answer 22

Increasing glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in liver

Question 23

Important factor for glucagon release is

Answer 23

Glucose concentration of blood

Question 24

Somatostatin is released by

Answer 24

Anterior Pituitary gland and delta cells of islets of langerhans

Question 25

How many types of diabetes mellitus is present

Answer 25

2 | Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus

Question 26

Type 1 diabetes occurs due to

Answer 26

Viral infection, autoimmune disorder or damage to beta cells

Question 27

Why does diabetic coma exist in type 1 diabetes mellitus

Answer 27

Occurs due to ketoacidosis

Question 28

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is also called

Answer 28

Diabetes mellitus because it generally occurs in people of less than 20 years of age

Question 29

Increased glucose output in urine causes loss of water from the extracellular fluid this phenomena is called

Answer 29

Osmotic diuresis

Question 30

Type 1 diabetes mellitus can lead to various disorders of other systems like

Answer 30

Gangrene ,shock ,heartattack ,arteriosclerosis, retinopathy and autonomic disorders

Question 31

Causes of type 2 diabetes mellitus includes

Answer 31

Obesity developed insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome

Question 32

Diagnostic test for diabetes

Answer 32

Glucose tolerance test checking for insulin levels and checking for fasting glucose levels