Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

anatomyyyy y2s1 > adrenal gland > Flashcards

adrenal gland Flashcards

(52 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

describe the appearance of adrenal gland?

A

yellowish retro peritoneal organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the level of adrenal glands?

A

Thoracic vertebrae 11

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

where do they lie on?

A

Superio medially on the UPPER POLE of each kidney

we have upper pole and lower pole of the kidneys

we have 2 kidneys and 2 adrenal glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the shape of the right gland?

A

triangular shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the shape of the left gland?

A

semi lunar shape –> half moon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

in which cavity are the adrenal glands located?

A

peritoneal cavity ( RETROOO )

Behind the peritoneal cavity

since they are behind they dont get covering from the peritoneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what surrounds both the kidney and the adrenal gland ?

A

Fascial sheath called Renal fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

describe the renal fascia?

A

Condensation of connective tissue around the kidney that will form the kidneys TRUE CAPSULE

the renal fascia will surround the kidneys then it will enclose the adrenal gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is found between the renal fascia and the kidneys?

A

perinephric fat

this fat will provide extra protection for the kidneys inside the fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is paranephric fat?

A

fat located around outside the fascia to provide extra protection so it goes like this

Paranephric –> Renal fascia —-> perinephric fat —> kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what type of sagittal sections we have to take to see the kidneys?

A

parasagittal because the kidneys are on the sides not the middle

the parasagittal section will show the kidney, posterior abdominal muscles + ribs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

where is the renal fascia attached to?

A

the renal fascia once it encloses the adrenal gland it will go the diaphragm and attach to the CRURA OF THE DIAPHGRAM

if someone loses fat the whole kidney will go down except adrenal gland cuz its attached to the Diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

which kidney has its anterior relation divided into superior and inferior?

A

left adrenal gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

why is it left adrenal gland anterior relation divided into superior and inferior

A

because of the stomach and the pancreas divide the anterior part of the kidney into superior and inferior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what lies anteriorly to the right adrenal gland ( triangular )?

A

Liver

Inferior vena cava

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what lies posteriorly to the right adrenal gland ( triangular )?

A

diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what lies medially to the right adrenal gland ( triangular )?

A

Inferior vena cava

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what lies supero anteriorly to the left adrenal gland ( semilunar )?

A

stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what lies inferior anteriorly to the left adrenal gland ( semi lunar )?

A

Pancreas + splenic vessels

splenic vessels because the pancreas tail will end with the hilum of the spleen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what lies posteriorly to the left adrenal gland ( semilunar )?

A

diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what lies medially to the left adrenal gland ( semilunar ) ?

Study These Flashcards
A

descending aorta

22
Q

what are the components of the adrenal gland ?

Study These Flashcards
A

Cortex —> 80-90% of the whole gland

Medulla —-> 10% of the whole gland

23
Q

what is the embryonic origin of the outer cortex?

Study These Flashcards
A

Mesodermal origin

24
Q

what is the embryonic origin of the outer medulla?

Study These Flashcards
A

Neuroectodermal —> NEURAL CREST CELLS

25
what else do the neural crest cells give origin to?
sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglion
26
using the other descendent of neural crest cells what can we call the cells of the adrenal medulla?
Modified sympathetic postganglionic neurons THAT LOST THEIR AXONS AND DENDRITES DURING DEVELOPMENT AND BECAME SECRETORY CELLS
27
what is the relation between the adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla?
developmentally structurally Functionally different from each others 2 SEPEARATE ENDOCRINE GLANDS
28
what is the artery superior to the adrenal gland and supplies it?
Inferior phrenic artery ---> FIRST BRANCH OF ADBOMINAL AORTA
29
what is the artery in middle of the adrenal gland and supplies it ?
aortic aorta
30
what is the artery inferior to adrenal gland and supplies it ?
Renal artery
31
what is the vein that comes out from the RIGHT TRIANGULAR ADRENAL GLAND?
right suprarenal vein
32
where does the right suprarenal gland drain into?
IVC
33
what is the vein that comes out from the left semi lunar adrenal gland ?
left suprarenal vein
34
where does the left suprarenal vein drain into to?
Left renal vein
35
which vessel you should ligate first before doing a surgery around the adrenal gland region and why ?
the right suprarenal vein which directly drain into IVC because it is very thin and small and will cut with MINIMAL EFFORRT
36
what do we have to consider before doing surgery on adrenal gland ?
the vessels should be ligated cuz if not it will release all the hormones into the blood destabilizing the patient
37
what is the nerve supply of the adrenal cortex?
Vasomotor innervation only affect the diameter of the vessels entering and leaving the gland
38
what is the nerve supply of the adrenal medulla?
preganglionic sympathetic fibers from T10 to L1
39
from where do the preganglionic sympathetic fibers originate from ?
lateral horn of gray matter from T10 TO L1
40
where do the preganglionic fibers terminate in the adrenal medulla?
chromaffin cells
41
describe the pathway of nerve supply of the adrenal medulla?
preganglionic sympathetic fibers from the lateral horn of gray matter --------> Pass through sympathetic chain --------------> Celiac ganglion -----------> celiac plexus ----> chromaffin cells of the medulla
42
where do the lymph vessels of the adrenal gland drain ?
para aortic nodes --> lymph nodes on the sides of the aorta
43
what are the 3 layers of the cortex of the adrenal gland ?
Capsule Zona glomerulosa ---> circular shaped cells Zona fasciculata ---> long columnar like cells Zona reticularis ---> scattered worm like
44
what type of cells make up the cortex?
epithelial columnar
45
where is the main drainage vein of the adrenal gland located?
at the medulla aand it sends branches up to the cortex
46
where is the artery of the adrenal gland located?
cortex and sends branches to the medulla
47
what are the hormones secreted from the adrenal cortex?
corticosteroids
48
what are the classifications of corticosteroids ?
mineralocorticoids ---> aldosterone glucocorticoids ----> cortisol gonadocorticoids ---> androgens
49
describe the zona glomerulosa ?
columnar cells arranged in glomer shape surrounded by capillaries secrete aldosterone
50
describe zona fasciculata ?
polyhedral cells arranged in one or two thick vertical columns capillaries between the columns secrete cortisol
51
describe zona reticularis?
irregular arranged worm shaped cells secrete androgens
52
what is the content of the medulla?
chromaffin cells profuse capillaries

anatomyyyy y2s1 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions