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anatomyyyy y2s1 > plan of neckkk > Flashcards

plan of neckkk Flashcards

(78 cards)

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1
Q

what are the 2 categories of bony landmark of the neck?

A

Upper limit bones

Inferior limit bones

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2
Q

what are the bony landmarks in the upper limit of the neck?

A

Inferior border of mandible

MASTOID process of temporal bone

external occipital protuberance

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3
Q

what are the bones in the inferior limit of the neck?

A
  • Manubrium ( jugular notch )

-Clavicle

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4
Q

what is hyoid bone? what are the components of it?

A

U shaped bone

has a body

2 horns

moves during swallowing

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5
Q

what are the horns of the hyoid bone?

A

Lesser horn –> found anteriorly

greater horn —> found more laterally

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6
Q

what is the level of hyoid bone in corresponding to the vertebrae?

A

C3

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7
Q

what ligament connects the styloid process to the hyoid bone?

A

stylohyoid ligament

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8
Q

there are muscles connecting the hyoid bone to which structures?

A

Tongue

mandible

sternum

larynx

pharynx

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9
Q

what is the tubercle that is found in the mandible from behind?

A

genio tubercle

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10
Q

what happens when hyoid bone is fractured?

A

hyoid bone would be pulled in many directions causing problems in breathing, speaking . swallowing

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11
Q

what is laryngeal prominence ?

A

prominence found in the neck formed by thyroid cartilage

more prominent in males and raise with swallowing ( similar to hyoid bone )

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12
Q

what is the level of laryngeal prominence in corresponding to the vertebrae?

A

C4 and C5 vertebrae

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13
Q

what is the cartilage below the thyroid cartilage?

A

cricoid cartilage

ring shaped

felt below the laryngeal prominence

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14
Q

what is the level of cricoid cartilage in corresponding to the vertebrae?

A

C6

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15
Q

what happens at the level of C6?

A

pharynx continue as THE esophagus

larynx continue as THE trachea

trachea terminate at T4

esophagus enter diaphragm at T10

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16
Q

what is the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

A

a muscle from the sternum to the mastoid process of temporal bone

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17
Q

what is the origin of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

A

Origin :

Sternal head : upper part of the anterior surface of the manubrium sterni

Clavicular head : Upper surface of the medial 1/3 of the clavicle

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18
Q

what is the insertion of sternocleidomastoid?

A

mastoid process

lateral 1/3 of superior nuchal line

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19
Q

what does the sternocleidomastoid muscle continue as?

A

superior nachal line

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20
Q

what is the nerve supply of sternocleidomastoid muscle?

A

Motor supply –> spinal accessory nerve

proprioceptive –> C2, C3

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21
Q

what are the actions of sternocleidomastoid muscle?

A

moves insertion toward origin –> moves the mastoid process towards the manubrium and clavicle —> Tilt the head on the same side

Turn the face to the opposite side

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22
Q

what is the action of it if the neck is fixed?

A

Elevation of the ribe during forced inspiration

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23
Q

what is digastric muscle?

A

muscles from the mandible to the mastoid process BUT theres a tendon in the middle of it connecting it to the hyoid bone via fibrous sling

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24
Q

what is the ANTERIOR belly of digastric muscle attached to?

A

Mandible

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25
what is the posterior belly of digastric muscle attached to?
mastoid process
26
where is the intermediate tendon ?
hyoid bone connected to it via fibrous sling
27
what is omohyoid muscle?
muscle from hyoid bone to the scapula BUT theres a tendon binding it in the middle on the sternocleido mastoid
28
where is the SUPERIOR belly of omohyoid attached to?
on the hyoid bone lateral to sternohyoid and runs downwards and laterally passing DEEP/UNDER to sternomastoid
29
where is the INFERIOR belly of omohyoid muscle attached to?
scapula passes in the posterior triangle to reach the scapula
30
how are the 2 bellies joined together? ( intermediate tendon )
flat tendon deep to sternocleidomastoid
31
how many triangles in the necks we have given by the sternocleidomastoid ?
2 triangles anterior triangle posterior triangle
32
what are the boundaries of the posterior triangle?
anteriorly --> sternomastoid posteriorly --> trapezius apex --> meeting point between the trapezius and sternomastoid at the back of the skull base --> middle of third of the clavicle , between the attachment of sternocleidomastoid and trapezius
33
what are the boundaries of the anterior triangle ?
anteriorly --> midline posteriorly --> sternocleidomastoid base --> mandible line from angle to the mastoid apex --> suprasternal notch
34
what are the boundaries of the muscular triangle?
base is median line medial border of superior belly of omohyoid muscle medial border of sternocleidomastoid
35
what are the boundaries of the carotid triangle ?
lateral border of the superior omohyoid muscle medial border of sternocleidomastoid lower border of the posterior digastric muscle
36
what vessels are found in the carotid triangle?
carotid sheath with the carotid vessels and vagus nerve
37
what are the boundaries of the digastric/submandible triangle?
lateral border of the anterior digastric upper border of posterior digastric lower border of the mandible
38
what gland is found in the digastric triangle ?
submandibulum gland
39
what are the borders of submental triangle ?
midline lateral border of the anterior digastric upper border of the posterior digastric
40
what are the suprahyoid muscles ?
muscles above the hyoid bone digastric stylohyoid mylohyoid geniohyoid hyoglossus
41
what is geniohyoid muscle?
extends from genio tubercle of the mandible and hyoid bone
41
what is the stylohyoid muscle?
muscle from the styloid process of temporal bone to the hyoid bone it is above the posterior belly of digastric
42
what is mylohyoid bone?
extend from the mandible to the hyoid bone attached to the midline raphe
43
what is hyoglossus ?
extend from the hyoid bone to the tongue ( tongue muscle )
44
what are the infrahyoid muscles?
sternohyoid omohyoid sternothyroid thyrohyoid
45
what is the sternohyoid muscle?
between manubrium and hyoid bone superficial to sternothyroid and thyrohyoid Most superficial
46
what is sternothyroid muscle?
between the manubrium and the oblique line of the thyroid cartilage
47
what is thyrohyoid muscle?
from oblique line of the thyroid cartilage to the hyoid bone
48
what is the nerve supply of infrahyoid muscles ?
ansa cervicalis
49
what are the components of ansa cervicalis?
superior loop C1 inferior loop of cervical plexus C2, C3
50
what are the branches of Superior Loop C1?
Descending hypoglossal nerve hypoglossal nerve
51
what is the nerve supply of thyrohyoid muscle?
hypoglossal branch from C1
52
what are the layers of fascia around the neck?
Superficial fascia Deep fascia
53
what are the blocks deeper to the deep fascia?
respiratory digestive block musculo vertebral block
54
what is respiratory digestive block?
connective tissue enclosing the trachea, esophagus, infrahyoid muscles, thyroid gland and thyroid cartilage
55
what is the musculo vertebral block?
connective tissue enclosing the vertebral muscles AKA PRE VERTEBRAL FASCIA
56
what is the investing layer of deep cervical fascia?
the fascia that surrounds the whole neck it also splits and envelopes around the trapezius and the sternocleidomastoid
57
the content of respiratory digestive block is surrounded by what?
pre tracheal fascia --> it encloses trachea , esophagus and thyroid gland + the infrahyoid muscles
58
the content of the musculo vertebral block is enclosed by what?
prevertebral fascia it surrounds the musculo-vertebral block
59
what are the deep fascias of the neck?
investing layer ( Surround sternocleidomastoid + traps ) pretracheal fascia --> surrounds the content of the respiratory block carotid fascia ---> surrounds carotid vessels and vagus nerve prevertebral fascia --> Surrounds the content of musculo vertebral block
60
where is the carotid sheath located?
between the respiratory digestive block and the vertebral block
61
what nerve occupies the groove betweeen trachea and esophagus?
recurrent laryngeal nerve
62
what are the muscles in musculo vertebral block?
longus colli scalenus anterior ---> arise from the anterior transverse tubercle processes scalenus medius and posterior --> arise from posterior tubercles levator scapulae and deep muscle of the necks --> most posteriorly
63
where is the longus colli located?
in front of the vertebral bodies
64
what nerve is in front of the scalenus anterior?
phrenic nerve
65
what nerve is between the scalenus anterior and scalenus medius and posterior?
brachial plexus
66
what is blood supply of the neck?
Right common carotid artery from brachiocephalic and left common carotid artery from the aorta
67
where do the carotid vessels run?
in the carotid sheath
68
when does the carotid artery divide into internal and external ?
upper border of thyroid cartilage
69
where does the internal brachial artery supply?
intracranial inside the skull
70
what are the branches of external carotid artery?
Maxillary superficial temporal posterior auricular occiptal ascending pharyngeal superior thyroid Fascial lingual
71
what are the terminal branches of the external carotid artery?
superficial temporal Maxillary
72
what are the veins of the neck?
external jugular vein --> superficial to the external sternocleidomastoid internal jugular vein anterior jugular vein
73
where does the external jugular vein empty?
subclavian vein
74
what happens to the internal jugular vein?
internal jugular vein joins the subclavian to form the BRACHIOCEPHALIC
75
where does the anterior jugular vein empty to?
external jugular vein then the external jugular vein will terminate in the subclavian Runs in superficial muscular triangle
76
which jugular vein runs in the carotid sheath?
internal jugular vein
77
where does external jugular vein run ?
superficial to the sternocleidomastoid muscle Terminate in the subclavian vein in the investing fascia in the posterior triangle Anterior jugular vein empties in the external jugular vein

anatomyyyy y2s1 (12 decks)

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