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CC2Lec VI > Adrenal Glands > Flashcards

Adrenal Glands Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

Structure of Cortical Hormomes

A

Cycloparaphenylene Ring

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2
Q

Principal Mineralocorticoid

A

Aldosterone

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3
Q

Principal Glucocorticoid

A

Cortisol

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4
Q

What layer in cortex: Cortisol

A

Zona Fasciculata

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5
Q

What layer in cortex: Aldosterone

A

Zona Glomerulosa

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6
Q

Function of Aldosterone

A
  1. Increase Osmolality
  2. Reabsorbs Sodium
  3. Excretes Potassium
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7
Q

Controls Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids in Metabolism

A

Cortisol

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8
Q

Helps in sleep wake system

A

Cortisol

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9
Q

Decreases ACTH, Cortisol?

A

Increases

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10
Q

Adrenal Androgens are weak androgens?

A

Opkors

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11
Q

Adrenal Androgens are the precursor of?

A

Estrogen and Active Androgens

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12
Q

Controls the development of secondary or physical characteristics of male?

A

Androgens

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13
Q

Increased ACTH Levels caused by: (4)

A
  1. Cushing’s Disease
  2. Ectopic ACTH Tumors
  3. Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
  4. Adrenal Insufficiency
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14
Q

Decreased ACTH Levels? (4)

A
  1. Surgery or Radiation Therapy
  2. Exogenous Steroids
  3. Hypopituitarism
  4. Endogenous Adrenal Tumor (Cushing Syndrome related)
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15
Q

By product of Cortisol Synthesis

A

Adrenal Androgens

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16
Q

Cells found in Adrenal Medulla

A

Chromaffin Cells

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17
Q

Cells in the medulla secretes?

A

Catecholamines

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18
Q

Nerves in the medulla

A

Splanchnic Nerves

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19
Q

Catecholamines release under

A

Neuronal Regulation

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20
Q

Process of catecholamine regulation and synthesis

A

Nerve stimuli - Acetylcholine Neurotransmitters - ACN transports to adrenal glands - Binds to receptor - Cells release catecholamines

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21
Q

Chromaffin cells are

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A

Pheochromocytes

22
Q

Pheochromocytes become brown once oxidized with

23
Q

Two enzymes involved in Catecholamine Degradation

Study These Flashcards
A

Catchol o Methyl Tranferase and Monoamine oxidase

24
Q

COMT is found in

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A

Synaptic cleft or cortisol of cell

25
MOA is found in
Mitochondrial Membrane
26
Cofactor of MAO
Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide
27
Cofactor of COMT
Magnesium
28
Norepinephrine to Normetanephrine
COMT
29
Epinephrine to Metanephrine
COMT
30
Epinephrine to Dihydroxymandelic Acid
MAO
31
Dihydroxymandelic Acid to Vanillylmandelic Acid
COMT
32
Metanephrine to VMA
MAO
33
Second step includes 3 enzymes in degradation of Catecholamines
Alcohol dehydrogenase, aldehyde dehydrogenase, aldehyde reductase
34
Catecholamines derived from what AA
Tyrosine
35
Elimination of Catecholamines (3)
1. Uptake by non neuronal cells 2. Reuptake by secretory vesicles 3. Degradation
36
Describe Epinephrine (5)
1. Flight or flight response 2. Produced by Chromaffin cells 3. Breakdown TAGs to fatty acid and glycerol 4. Hyperglycemic Hormone 5. Best Specimen is urine through indwelling catheter
37
Major metabolite of Epinephrine
VMA
38
Minor metabolites of Epinephrine
Normetanephrine, metanephrine, Homovanillic Acid
39
Norepinephrine produced in
Sympathetic Ganglia
40
Norepinephrine are considered ____ in the CNS and SNS
Neurotransmitters
41
Major Metabolite of Norepinephrine in CSF
Methoxy-Hydroxy-Phenyl-Glycol
42
Major Metabolite of Nore degrade through the urine
VMA
43
Dopamine is produced by
Decarboxylation of 3,4 Dihydroxyphenylalalnine
44
Dopamine is a diagnosis measure for
Neuroadenoma
45
Major intact catecholamine in the urine
Dopamine
46
Major Metabolite of Dopamine
Homovanillic Acid
47
Major metabolite in the pathway of dopamine degradation
Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid
48
Catecholamine producing tumors
Pheochromocytoma
49
Sudden release of catecholamines
Paroxysmal Secretory Attacks
50
Plasma Meta and Noremeta are measured by
High Performance Liquid Chromatography

CC2Lec VI (4 decks)

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