Pituitary Gland

Question 1

Highest and lowest level of ACTH

Answer 1

6-8 am and 6-11pm

Question 2

Highest level of ACTH

Answer 2

6-8 am

Question 3

Lowest Level of ACTH

Answer 3

6-11pm

Question 4

Sample Container for ACTH Diagnostic Test

Answer 4

Pre-chilled EDTA tubes

Question 5

Also known as stress hormone or direct effector hormone

Answer 5

Prolactin

Question 6

With breast development, prolactin has to work with 2 hormones

Answer 6

Progesterone and Estrogen

Question 7

Prolactin is regulated by what inhibition and explain

Answer 7

Tonic inhibition, delayed but long lasting

Question 8

Major inhibitor of Prolactin

Answer 8

Dopamine

Question 9

3 ways for increased Prolactin

Answer 9

Tumors, inflammation, trauma

Question 10

Condition that directly secrets prolactin

Answer 10

Prolactinoma

Question 11

The consequence of prolactin excess

Answer 11

Hypogonadism

Question 12

Not use glass tubes in using ACTH, why?

Answer 12

It adheres to glass tubes and leads to falsely decreased ACTH levels

Question 13

Conditions of increased PRL

Answer 13

Pituitary adenoma, infertility, amenorrhea, galactorrhea acromegaly, renal failure, PCOS, cirrhosis, 1 and 2 hypothyroidism

Question 14

Increased Prolactin in men can result to

Answer 14

Reduced libido and erectile dysfunction

Question 15

Highest level of Prolactin

Answer 15

4-8 am and 8-10 pm

Question 16

For Prolactin laboratory evaluation, we obtain this 2 hormones, why?

Answer 16

Tsh and ft4 to eliminate primary hypothyroidism as the cause of elevation of PRL

Question 17

Complete loss of function of the adenohypophysis

Answer 17

Panhypopituitarism

Question 18

2 problems for panhypopituitarism

Answer 18

Either be pituitary gland or hypothalamus

Question 19

Order of hormone disappearance in Panhypopituitarism

Answer 19

GH, Gonadotropins, TSH, ACTH, PRL

Question 20

Decreased blood supply to an organ

Answer 20

Ischemia

Question 21

Two tumors that blocks the infundibulum

Answer 21

Adenoma and craniopharyngioma

Question 22

Result of blood loss or hemorrhage or shock in a pregnant woman also known as Postpartum Pituitary Gland Necrosis

Answer 22

Sheehan’s Syndrome

Question 23

Supraoptic nuclei secrets

Answer 23

Vasopressin

Question 24

Paraventricular nuclei secrets

Answer 24

Oxytocin

Question 25

Hormone that regulates the contraction of the gravid uterus and myoepithelial cells in the breast

Answer 25

Oxytocin

Question 26

Target organs for ADH

Answer 26

DCT and Collecting tubules

Question 27

Decrease in blood pressure stimulates the release of

Answer 27

ADH

Question 28

Potent pressor agent and affects blood clotting hormone

Answer 28

ADH

Question 29

The hormone affects blood clotting by promoting the release of 2 Factors

Answer 29

Factor VII from liver cells and Factor VIII from endothelial cells

Question 30

Physiologic stimuli to ADH secretion

Answer 30

Nausea, cytokine, hyperglycemia, hypercarbia, nicotine

Question 31

Physiologic stimuli to ADH release

Answer 31

Dehydration, physical and emotional stress due to surgery

Question 32

Phospholipase C will cleave *** which causes the production of *** and ***

Answer 32

PIP2, Diacyl glycerol and Inositol Triphosphate

Question 33

Whats the function of IP3

Answer 33

Transport intracellular calcium from the endoplasmic reticulum

Question 34

DAG activates

Answer 34

Protein kinase C

Question 35

Main cause of DI

Answer 35

Destruction of neurohypophysis or hypothalamus or problem in the thirst center in the hypothalamus

Question 36

No water intake leads to what electrolyte imbalance

Answer 36

Hypernatremia

Question 37

What is Nephrogenic DI

Answer 37

Problem in the ADH receptors in the kidneys, but normal ADH

Question 38

What is neurogenic DI

Answer 38

Problem in the ADH production in pituitary gland, while normal ADH receptors

Question 39

What is the True DI

Answer 39

Neurogenic DI

Question 40

Diagnostic Test for DI

Answer 40

Overnight Water Deprivation Test

Question 41

Positive result for OWDT

Answer 41

8-12 hours after, urine osmolality fails to elevate above 300 mOsm/kg

Question 42

Synthetic form of ADH

Answer 42

Desmopressin

Question 43

After administration of Desmopressin, still below 300 mOsm/kg

Answer 43

Nephrogenic DI