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Abd & Superficial Structures 1 > Adrenal Glands > Flashcards

Adrenal Glands Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two parts that the adrenal glands are composed of

A

Cortex

Medulla

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2
Q

What does the medulla of the adrenals develop from

A

Neural crest cells

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3
Q

What is another name for neural crest cells

A

Neuroectoderm

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4
Q

What does the cortex of the adrenal glands develop from

A

Mesoderm

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5
Q

What part of the adrenal develops first

A

Cortex

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6
Q

At 6 week gestation what happen to the cortex

A

Proliferation of the mesoderm from the posterior abdominal wall occurs
Mesoderm penetrates the retroperitoneum and becomes the primitive adrenal cortex

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7
Q

At 8 weeks gestation what happens to the cortex of the adrenal glands

A

Structure separates from the peritoneal surface and is surrounded by retroperitoneal connective tissue

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8
Q

After birth what happens to the primitive cortex of the adrenal glands

A

Involuted and disappears around 1 year of age

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9
Q

At 3 years of age what happens to the permanent adrenal cortex

A

Differentiates into 3 zones

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10
Q

What are the 3 zones that the permanent adrenal cortex differentiates into

A

Glomerulosa
Fasciculata
Reticularis

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11
Q

What happens to the adrenal medulla at 7 weeks gestation

A

Neural crest cells migrate and invade the medial side of the cortex
These cells differentiate into the chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla

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12
Q

What is another name for the adrenal glands

A

Suprarenal glands

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13
Q

What is the location of the adrenals

A

Retroperitoneal

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14
Q

Are adrenals paired organs

A

Yes

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15
Q

What is the location of the adrenals relative to the kidneys

A

Anterior
Medial
Superior

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16
Q

What are the adrenals surrounded by

A

Perinephric fat

Gerotas fascia

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17
Q

Do adrenals have a capsule

A

Yes

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18
Q

Do the adrenal move with the kidneys and how are they suspended

A

No, suspended by their own facial supports

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19
Q

What happens to the adrenal and the kidneys during deep inspiration or when sitting upright

A

Separate

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20
Q

What are adrenals composed of

A

Anteromedial ridge and a medial and latera wing

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21
Q

In an adult what is the size of the adrenals

A

Length: 4-6 cm
Width: 2-3 cm
AP: 0.3-0.6 cm

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22
Q

The size of adult adrenals is what of the kidney size

A

1/13

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23
Q

What is the size of newborn adrenals

A

Length: 0.9-3.6 cm
Width: 0.2-0.5 cm

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24
Q

What size of newborn adrenals is what to their kidneys

A

Proportionately larger

1/3 the kidney size

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25
What is the shape of the adrenals
Pyramid Semi-lunar V/Y/Z configuration
26
What is the shape of the right adrenal
Pyramidal
27
What is the shape of the left adrenal
Semilunar | Crescent shaped
28
Which adrenal is usually slightly larger
Left
29
What are the relationships of the right adrenal relative to abdominal anatomy
``` Posterior and lateral to the IVC Superior to right kidney Posterior and medial to the liver Lateral to the right crux of the diaphragm Posterior to the duodenum ```
30
What are the relationships of the left adrenal relative to abdominal anatomy
Superomedial to the left kidney Posterior to the stomach and lesser sac Lateral to the left crux of the diaphragm Inferior portion is posterior to pancreatic tail and splenic vessels Posterolateral to the aorta
31
What kind of organ is the adrenals
Vascular
32
What boarder of the left adrenal can reach the renal hilum
Lower
33
What 3 arteries supply each adrenal
1. Superior suprarenal arteries from the inferior phrenic arteries 2. Middle suprarenal artery off the aorta 3. Inferior suprarenal artery off the renal artery
34
What is the venous drainage of the right adrenal
Drains into the IVC | Shorter than left adrenal vein
35
What is the venous drainage of the left adrenal
Drains into the left renal vein | Longer than right adrenal vein
36
What kind of gland are the adrenals
Double endocrine
37
What does a double endocrine gland do
Maintains homeostasis through hormone secreation
38
what are the 2 layers of the adrenals
cortex | medulla
39
what makes up 90% of the adrenal
cortex
40
what kind of outer layer does the cortex have
thicker
41
what hormones does the cortex secrete
mineral corticoids glucocorticoids gonadal hormones
42
what part of the adrenal is essential for life
cortex
43
can you have 1 functioning adrenal cortex and not 2, is having none fatal for life
yes
44
how is the release of steroid hormones controlled
by negative feedback system between the hypothalamus, anterior pituitary and adrenal gland
45
what does the hypothalamus secrete
ACTHRF
46
what does ACTHRF stand for
adrenocorticotropic hormone releasing factor
47
what does the cortex cause the anterior pituitary to release
ACTH
48
what does ACTH stand for
adrenocorticotropic hormone
49
what does the cortec cause the adrenals to do
produce hormones
50
what are the 3 layers of the cortex
zona glomerulosa zona fasciculate zona reticularis
51
what is the zona glomerulosa and what percentage of the cortex does it make up
15% outer most layer secretes mineralocorticoids aldosterone
52
what does aldosterone do
acts on renal tubules for sodium and water retention by the body so it can assit in raising and lowering BP
53
what is the zona fasiculate and what percentage of the cortex does it make up
75% middle layer secretes glucocorticoids
54
what are the glocorticoids that the adrenal cortex secretes and what do they control
``` cortisone and hydrocortisone control: fat, protein and carbohydrate metabolism suppresses immune response (anti-inflammatory) helps resit mental and physical stress ```
55
what is the zona reticularis and what precentage of the cortex does it make up
10% inner most layer secretes sex hormones
56
what are the sex hormones that the adrenal cortex secretes and what do they control
estrogen and androgens | promotes normal development of the reproductive organs and bones
57
when is the zona reticularis present
around the 4th year of life
58
what makes up 10% of the adrenal layers
medulla
59
what is the position of the medulla
central
60
what is the medulla related to and where is it derived from
sympathetic nervous system | ectoderm
61
is the medulla essential for life
no
62
what response is the medulla responsible for
fight or flight
63
what does the medulla secrete
catecholamine hormones
64
what catecholamine hormones does the medulla secrete
epinephrine | norepinephrine
65
what does epinephrine do
dilates cononary vessels | consricts skin and renal vessels
66
what does norepinephrine do
constircts all arteries except coronary vessels

Abd & Superficial Structures 1 (10 decks)

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