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Animals in Society > Adult Dairy Cattle Husbandry > Flashcards

Adult Dairy Cattle Husbandry Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

Flight zones?

A

herd animals face a potential threat within a certain distance when the threat enters the flight zone the animal move away

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2
Q

cows point of balance?

A

shoulder

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3
Q

move in front of point of balance?

A

will make them go backwards

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4
Q

move behind point of balance?

A

moves the cattle forward

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5
Q

age of breeding?

A

15 months

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6
Q

age at calving?

A

24 months

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7
Q

pregnancy?

A

9 months long

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8
Q

Calving to conception?

A

85 days plus

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9
Q

calving to calving interval?

A

365-420 days

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10
Q

average life?

A

6 years

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11
Q

average number of calves and lactations:

A

3

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12
Q

length of lactation?

A

10 months

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13
Q

Dry period?

A

2 months

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14
Q

Yield from cow?

A

Jersey: 5,000L/year
Holstein: 10,000L/year

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15
Q

feed?

A

77% variable cost
33% of total costs of milk production

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16
Q

2nd biggest cost?

A

labour

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17
Q

consumption of average lactating dairy cow?

A

concentrate: 1 tonne
silage: 10 tonnes or 1-2 tonnes hay

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18
Q

major minerals?

A

Ca, P, Mg

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19
Q

good diet?

A

energy - fibre and starch
protein
major minerals
vitamins
trace element

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20
Q

in parlour feeding?

A

concentrate

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21
Q

straights? (feed)

A

cereal, oats maize wheat barley

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22
Q

lots of concentrate?

Study These Flashcards
A

acidosis - fermentation of flora

23
Q

dairy cow feeding stages?

Study These Flashcards
A

lactation, dry and transition

24
Q

describe lactation feeding stage?

Study These Flashcards
A

calving and lactation, very high energy needs in early lactation (14-100 DM)

25
describe 'dry' feeding stage?
last 60 days gestation keep BCS 3 / enable rapid increase in DMI after calving reduce/eliminate concentrates to decrease milk production and avoid over-conditioning in the 2 weeks before drying
26
describe the 'transition' feeding stage?
last 3 weeks pre-calving + 1st 2 weeks lactations
27
negative energy balance?
need to minimise as much as possible however it is normal - need to feed properly afterwards so she can recooperate after lactation - can cope with deficit for a while
28
DMI?
dry matter intake
29
BCS?
body conditioning scoring
30
what to feed dry cows?
recommended hay, straw and low D value stalky forages to maintain rumen fill without providing excess energy low potassium forage (<1.5%) low calcium, high magnesium
31
D value?
measure of digestibility
32
what to feed cows that are transitioning from dry to lactating?
support growth of calf & compensate for reduced DMI (increased energy requirements) weight of rumen can increase by 50% (2-5kg of conc - same feed as the milking cows low potassium forages - ideally the same as the milking cows Adjust DCAB Urine pH should be 6.5-7)
33
rumen buffer?
bicarb, buffer to counteract acid takes away of giving affects of high energy feed
34
Dry matter intake ability?
(kg) is 2.5% of BW + 10% milk yield min. forage 40% (50% needs to be 2.6cm to stimulate cudding) Concentrates 60%
35
How much do you feed a 700kg cow at peak lactation?
2.5% body weigh = 17.5kg DM + 10% milk production = 5kg DM Total food/day = 22.5kg DM * Minimum forage 40% = 9kg * Concentrates 60% = 13.5kg Maximum size meal? = 3kg 3-4kg per meal/ 4-5 meals per day
36
Peripartum milk fever?
caused by the insufficient speed of adaptation (not nutritional deficiency of Ca)
37
calcium homeostasis?
spring grass is high in water, postassium and low in calcium diet contains too many +(ve) ions e.g. sodium&potassium not enough negative ions (chloride and sulphur) Calcium cannot be mobilised from the bones
38
how do we manipulate the diet to combat calcium homeostasis?
either provide a low calcium diet pre-calving OR reduce potassium OR ensure adequate magnesium is being given (higher mag) OR maximising milk production/minimising metabolic disease (do separate slides on each of these, final slide is 18/40)
39
common health problems?
poor fertility mastitis lameness nutritional problems --> energy (metabolic problems)] ALL INITIATE IN TRANSITION PERIOD
40
when do we increase magnesium?
during transition
41
Signs of oestrus?
in heat - when a cow is mounted sometimes walk a lot more Ask - 'Does she stand to be mounted?'
42
cow mounted?
12 hours after you see that, you inseminate them
43
estrus alert device?
like a lottery card as they are mounted it rubs and spread redness over the card
44
Timed AI?
use hormones and manipulate cycles of cows to inseminate on a timely manner
45
Reproductive management?
servicing protocol synchronisation (prostaglandin, intra-vaginal progesterone implant) pregnancy diagnosis
46
scrotal circumference?
34 cm - breed specific
47
electroejaculator?
vet only as can be harmful
48
sources of infection - mastitus?
mammary gland/contagious organsisms environmental
49
mastitis treatment?
antibiotics (intra-mammary and/or systemic) Withdrawal periods --> milk must be discarded + meat withold
50
Economic impact of mastitis?
direct costs - discarded milk, drug and veterinary costs Indirect costs - decreased milk yield, penalties or reduced income from changes in milk composition
51
slides 33,34,35, 37 (2nd lect)
52
Identification of mastitis?
clinical signs foremilk all quarters (time-cost benefit) in-line filters rapid milk test conductivity milk recording every 5 weeks somatic cell count, Bactoscan, Protein, Fat, Volume
53
Lameness causes?
environmental - infectious or nutritional Genetic Management (crushes)

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