Adult Hematology/Oncology

Question 1

DIC

Answer 1

• abnormal clotting
• depletes clotting factors and platelets
• extensive bleeding from many sites
• emergency

Question 2

DIC caused by

Answer 2

• eclampsia
• gram-negative sepsis
• cancer

Question 3

DIC results in

Answer 3

• stroke like symptoms
• ischemia = reduced blood flow
• pain
• dyspnea
• tachycardia
• reduced kidney function
• bowel necrosis

Question 4

DIC treatment

Answer 4

• red blood cells + plasma transfusions
• Heparin

Question 5

Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS)

Answer 5

• rapid destricton of tumor cells
• causes
  
  • hyperkalemia
  • hyperphosphatemia
  • hyperuricemia
  • hypocalcemia

Question 6

Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) care

Answer 6

• three to five liters of water daily
• allopurinol (decrease uric acid)
• may lead to dangerously high potassium levels and an acute kidney injury.

Question 7

Diagnose DVT

Answer 7

• venous duplex ultrasonography

Question 8

D-dimer

Answer 8

• protein fragment obtained after clot breakdown
• elevated in
  
  • DVT (not accurate)
  • pulmonary embolism
  • DIC

Question 9

Ankle-brachial index (ABI)

Answer 9

• used to assess vascular status of lower extremities
• determines distal arterial blood flow

Question 10

Transillumination device

Answer 10

• helps locate vein if dark-skinned or obese

Question 11

Doppler

Answer 11

• auscultate pulses