Adult MSK

Question 1

sudden onset, short duration

Answer 1

acute inflammation

Question 2

edema, erythema, heat and pain

Answer 2

hallmarks of acute inflammation

Question 3

persistent, prolonged duration

Answer 3

chronic inflammation

Question 4

WBCs, proliferation blood vv, tissue destruction

Answer 4

hallmarks of chronic inflammation

Question 5

prostaglandins, inc plateletaggregation
■
Mediate fever, pain

Answer 5

Cyclooxygenase pathway:

Question 6

leukotrienes
Allergic, inflammatory response
(autoimmune)
Bronchoconstriction, leukocytes toinflammation

Answer 6

lipooxygenase pathway

Question 7

4 phases of tissue healing

Answer 7

hemostasis and degeneration
inflammation
proliferation and migration
remodeling and maturation

Question 8

timeline of homeostasis and degeneration

Answer 8

immediately to 24 hours

Question 9

Coagulation
Growth factor stimulated
Bring inflammatory response

Answer 9

hemostasis

Question 10

Hematoma
Inflammatory response
Tissue repair begins

Answer 10

degeneration

Question 11

how does tissue repair begin?

Answer 11

fibroblasts create scaffolding, granulation tissue with new blood vv

Question 12

how long does inflammation last

Answer 12

up to 5 days

Question 13

Protective and curativehealthy tissue, scar

Remove the injurystart healing of tissue

Answer 13

inflammation

Question 14

whats the end result of proliferation and migration?

Answer 14

a scar

Question 15

Neovascularization/angiogenesis
Granulation tissue: endothelial cells, fibroblasts
–
Replaced with new matrix (fibrin, fibronectin)collagenscar

Answer 15

proliferation and migration

Question 16

Scar tissue remodeled

Apoptosis
Can take years to remodel
Respond to appropriate stress

Answer 16

remodeling and maturation

Question 17

3 responses to stress for tissues

Answer 17

tissue contracts, regeneration, repair

Question 18

approximation, 3-4 mos

Answer 18

tissue contracts

Question 19

restores normal tissue structure, function

Answer 19

tissue regeneration

Question 20

cell regeneration, connective tissue scar formation

Answer 20

tissue repair

Question 21

3 components of tissue healing

Answer 21

fibronectin
proteoglycans and elastin
collagen

Question 22

5 MOI for the body

Answer 22

infection
immune response
genetic factors
nutritional factors
physical factors

Question 23

forms scaffold for repair, “glue”

Answer 23

fibronectin

Question 24

Secreted by fibroblasts
Bind to fibronectin and collagen
Hydrate tissue

Answer 24

proteoglycans and elastin

Question 25

most important structural support and tensile strength for tissues

Answer 25

collagen

Question 26

most common type of collagen thick bundle, very strong ex] scar, tendon, bone

Answer 26

type I

Question 27

collagen type? | thin, growth plate

Answer 27

type II

Question 28

collagen type? | thin, supple, elastic (skin/wound healing), children

Answer 28

type III

Question 29

collagen repair process

Answer 29

type III --> type I

Question 30

severe rapid breakdown of muscle

Answer 30

rhabdomyolosis

Question 31

tendon or ligament MOI

Answer 31

rapid force with oblique direction OR degenerative changes

Question 32

joint surfaces cartilage type

Answer 32

articular (hyaline)

Question 33

tendon/ligament insertion meniscus disk

Answer 33

fibrocartilage

Question 34

trachea | earlobe

Answer 34

elastic cartilage

Question 35

meniscus

Answer 35

fibroelastic cartilage

Question 36

type I collagen in what kind of alignment?

Answer 36

circumferential

Question 37

dense outer layer (type I collagen), fibrocartilage (type II) inner layer

Answer 37

annulus fibrosis

Question 38

viscoelastic, type II collagen, hi water content

Answer 38

nucleus pulposus

Question 39

tough, dense outer layer, 80% of bone

Answer 39

cortical bone

Question 40

spongy, thin plates, 20% of bone

Answer 40

cancellous/trabecular bone

Question 41

Brings fibroblasts, platelets and osteoprogenitor cells

Answer 41

hemostasis of bone repair

Question 42

Fibrin scaffold between ends of fracture

Answer 42

inflammatory process of bone repair

Question 43

Callus forms and transforms via enchondral ossification■ ■ Soft callus (Wk 2) Hard callus Error in this Phase* “Bridging” on xray is evidence of healing

Answer 43

reparative phase of bone repair

Question 44

bridging is what

Answer 44

on xray is evidence of healing

Question 45

kids fx healing

Answer 45

4-6 weeks

Question 46

adolescents fx healing

Answer 46

6-8 weeks

Question 47

adults fx healing

Answer 47

10-18 weeks

Question 48

who is at risk for stress fx

Answer 48

female athlete triad

Question 49

type of fx common in vertebra

Answer 49

compression fx

Question 50

decrease in muscle mass and function with decreased muscular regeneration

Answer 50

sarcopenia

Question 51

effects of aging and MSK | 3

Answer 51

sarcopenia, muscle stiffness and decreased flexibility

Question 52

vascular granulation tissue leads to inflammation

Answer 52

pannus

Question 53

``` Associated with: Increased chemical pain response Allodynia Referred pain Usually in muscles that overused ```

Answer 53

myofascial pain syndrome

Question 54

Patho: Shortened sarcomeres Inflammatory responsehypoxia Sympathetic response

Answer 54

myofascial pain syndrome

Question 55

taut band of skeletal muscle | painful with compression, stretch, overload or contraction of the tissuereferred pain

Answer 55

myofascial pain syndrome

Question 56

connective tissue is made up of

Answer 56

collagen

Question 57

hypermobility

Answer 57

CT disorder

Question 58

3 parts to have hypermobility for CT disorders

Answer 58

skin elasticity joint hypermobility cardiopulm- aorta

Question 59

quick screen for CT disorders

Answer 59

Beighton scale