Radiology

Question 1

benefits:
low radiation
inexpensive
fast

Answer 1

radiograph

Question 2

difference b/w CT scan and radiograph

Answer 2

CT is 360 degrees but they both use x-ray beams

Question 3

this radiology has better detail

Answer 3

CT scan

Question 4

Key in the evaluation of more complicatedareas where there are lots of overlapping
structures

Answer 4

CT

Question 5

Good evaluation of soft tissues in the abdomen (with intravenous contrast agent)

Answer 5

CT

Question 6

negatives of?

more radiation
expensive
IV contrast is risky for some pt’s

Answer 6

CT

Question 7

better than CT

uses really powerful magnets and radiowaves to detect H atoms, more detailed

Answer 7

MRI

Question 8

More sensitive for water/soft tissues

Answer 8

MRI

Question 9

Even more sensitive test for fractures:
suspected stress or insufficiency fractureof the femoral neck
 Excellent evaluation of soft tissues

Answer 9

MRI

Question 10

Poor for evaluation of calcification/bone

Answer 10

MRI

Question 11

contraindications for?

• pt cant sit still for that long
• metal in the body
• claustrophobia
• IV contrast

Answer 11

MRI

Question 12

ABCs on evaluating bones on xray

Answer 12

alignment
bone density
cartilage spaces
soft tissues

Question 13

Overall skeletal architecture: scoliosis, congenital abnormalities

Answer 13

alignment

Question 14

bone contour should be

Answer 14

smooth

Question 15

General: osteoporosis
 Texture: bone organization (‘bone matrix’)
 Local changes: sclerosis, lucency

Answer 15

bone density

Question 16

in normal bone density:

what should be grey and what should be white?

Answer 16

grey marrow

white bone

Question 17

too much white on x ray means

Answer 17

bone is too dense= sclerosis

Question 18

Joint space width: arthritis
 Subchondral bone (bone next to the cartilage):sclerosis, erosions
 Physeal plates: children

Answer 18

cartilage spaces

Question 19

Muscles: wasting, mass
 Fat pads/fat lines
 Joint capsules: effusions
 Periosteum
 Benign versus malignant 
reaction
 Miscellaneous: gas, calcifications,foreign body

Answer 19

soft tissues

Question 20

a disruption in the continuity of the bone

Answer 20

fracture

Question 21

when looking at x-rays, whats the rule?

Answer 21

one view is no view

you need to see multiple angles

Question 22

6 terms used to describe fractures

Answer 22

location
extent
direction
position
number of fx lines
integrity of overlying skin

Question 23

one line, two pieces

Answer 23

simple fx

Question 24

any fx with greater than 2 fx fragments

Answer 24

comminuted fx

Question 25

fx fragments are separated by soft tissue

Answer 25

distraction

Question 26

fx fragments are compressed

Answer 26

impaction

Question 27

fx fragments overlap

Answer 27

overriding

Question 28

Smaller fractures avulsed from bony prominencesby tension in attached ligaments or tendons.

Answer 28

avulsion fx

Question 29

Can be caused by hyperextension or hyperflexion

Answer 29

avulsion fx

Question 30

any fx that extends into the joint

Answer 30

intra articular fx

Question 31

more difficult repair and longer healing process

Answer 31

joint fx

Question 32

Fracture in normal bones of healthy individuals in response to the stress of repeated activities.

Answer 32

stress fx

Question 33

Due to normal activity in structurally weakened bone

Answer 33

insufficiency fx

Question 34

``` Causes:  Osteoporosis (older women)  Rheumatoid arthritis  Steroid use  Radiation therapy ```

Answer 34

insufficiency fx

Question 35

Similar to insufficiency fracture  Occur under normal stress  Fractures through focal abnormality

Answer 35

pathologic fx

Question 36

Causes:  Metastatic tumor (Breast, lung, kidney, prostate,thyroid)  Osteomyelitis (bone infection)

Answer 36

pathologic fx

Question 37

Inflammatory condition | causing synovial proliferationwith destruction of cartilage

Answer 37

rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

Question 38

``` Radiographic findings:  Joint space narrowing  Erosions  Periarticular osteopenia  Deformity ```

Answer 38

RA

Question 39

physis=

Answer 39

growth plate

Question 40

what are the 3 stages of fx healing

Answer 40

reactive reparative remodeling

Question 41

Immune cells arrive, granulation tissue forms

Answer 41

reactive phase of fx healing

Question 42

Early: cartilage and early calcification (callus) Late: trabecular bone produced

Answer 42

reparative fx healing phase

Question 43

Compact bone replaces trabecular bone

Answer 43

remodeling phase of fx healing

Question 44

imaging evaluation of the CNS

Answer 44

neuroradiology

Question 45

radiographs are best for what?

Answer 45

high contrast pictures