Adult neuro disorders midterm Flashcards
(23 cards)
What are the primary etiologies of Aphasia?
- Stroke/CVA- most common ,
- Traumatic brain injury (TBI),
- neoplasm (tumors) affecting the brain,
- diseases,
- toxicity (alcohol abuse)
These factors can lead to disruptions in language processing.
What are the signs of a stroke (CVA)?
- Face drooping
- slurred speech,
- asymmetric muscle control,
- blacking out
Recognizing these signs can lead to quicker medical intervention.
What is going on in the brain during a CVA?
Temporary or permanent disruption of the blood supply to the brain
This disruption can lead to brain damage and various symptoms including aphasia.
What are the types of CVA?
- Occlusive (Ischemic)
- Hemorrhagic
Each type has different mechanisms and implications for treatment.
What is an occlusive stroke?
An artery is clogged
This is the more common type of stroke.
What are the two types of occlusive strokes?
- Thrombotic
- Embolic
Thrombotic occurs with blockage in the same area, while embolic involves matter traveling to cause blockage.
What happens during a hemorrhagic stroke?
A blood vessel is ruptured
This can lead to severe complications and is often associated with aneurysms.
What is the impact of stroke on brain function?
Swelling (edema) and increase pressure and disruption of chemical balance affect communication between brain cells
This can lead to difficulties in language processing.
How does lesion area/size impact aphasia severity?
Larger areas of blood supply disruption result in larger infarcts
An infarct is an area of dead tissue due to lack of blood supply.
What is tPA and when can it be administered?
Tissue plasminogen activator; can be given within 3 hours of an occlusive stroke
This treatment can dissolve clots and restore blood flow.
What are lifestyle habits to prevent a stroke?
- Stop smoking
- Healthy diet
- Physical activity
- Pharmacological intervention
- Surgical intervention
These can significantly reduce the risk of stroke.
What is the definition of aphasia?
- It is acquired
- It has a neurological cause
- It affects the reception and production of lang. Across modalities
- It is not a sensory, motor, psychiatric, or intellectual disorder.
It is important to distinguish aphasia from sensory, motor, psychiatric, or intellectual disorders.
What **isn’t **aphasia?
Aphasia is NOT a loss of intellect
Individuals with aphasia may have intact cognitive abilities.
What screening tools are used for aphasia?
- Cognitive Linguistic Quick Test
- MOCA
- Neuropsychological evalution of spanish speakers
- Mississippi Aphasia Screening test (MAST)
- Frenchay Aphasia screening (FAST)
These tools help assess cognition and language abilities.
What is a screener ?
A brief evaluation of a person’s functioning
Screeners cannot replace formal assessments.
What are examples of informal assessments for aphasia?
- Language sampling (discourse measures)
- Verbal fluency
These assessments are flexible and naturalistic but may lack comparability.
What are examples of formal assessments for aphasia?
- Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination (BDAE)
- Western Aphasia Battery (WAB)
- Bilingual Aphasia Test (BAT)
- The quick aphasia battery (QAB)
Formal assessments allow for monitoring progress and comparison across individuals.
What factors are considered when determining prognosis for aphasia?
- Etiology
- Severity
- Diagnosis
- Time post-onset
These factors can influence recovery and treatment outcomes.
What do we know about impairment patterns in bilingual aphasia?
- Both languages are housed in the same areas of the brain
- One language can impact the other
- Languages will likely improve at the same rate
- Both languages are impaired
This highlights the interconnectedness of language processing in bilingual individuals.
How do characteristics of bilingual aphasia differ from monolingual aphasia?
In bilingual aphasia, both language and other mental skills can be affected
Monolingual aphasia typically affects only language processing.
How do we assess bilingual speakers?
- Obtain linguistic info
- Assess both languages separately
- Modifications like translational cueing
- consider cultural differences
Ensuring normative data includes bilingual individuals is essential.
What extra factors should be considered when assessing bilingual speakers?
- Modifications to prevent bias
- Cultural differences
- Separate assessments for each language
- Know which errors are appropriate for that culture
This ensures a fair and accurate evaluation of language abilities.
