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health psychology > adulthood & aging > Flashcards

adulthood & aging Flashcards

1
Q

Describe erikson’s stage (intimacy vs isolation) of psychosocial development - what is intimacy? positive vs negative outcome ?

A
  • intimacy refers to one’s ability to relate to another human being on a deep, personal level
    -positive outcome - must develop intimate relationships with others and be open and committed to another person
    -negative outcome - may go into isolation if sense of identity is not developed and will fear a committed relationship
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2
Q

Describe stage 7 - generatively vs stagnation .. what does generatively mean/ what does stagnation mean? pos vs neg outcome

A

-generativity - refers to the adults ability to care for another person
- stagnation - refers to a state of little or no growth or development
- pos outcome - to have & nurture children or become involved with future generations
-neg outcome - must deal with issues they are concerned with or it can lead to stagnation in later life

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3
Q

describe stage 8 - integrity vs despair

A
  • this stage is focused on reflecting back over life, older adults want to look back on life and feel a sense of fulfilment
    -pos outcome - adult will feel proud of their accomplishments & will have a sense of integrity
    -neg outcome - they will feel as if their life has been wasted, and will experience many regrets
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4
Q

what are the different health effects of marriage?

A
  • the health of married people is better than health of unmarried people across cultures
    -positive health effects of marriage are stronger for men than women
    -married people live longer than unmarried people
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5
Q

briefly describe the SOC model in aging

A
  • Selection - as people age, they face declining resources and abilities, selection involves choosing specific goals or activities that align with ones capabilities eg exercise, spending time with fam
    -optimisation - investing resources, time and energy in activities that matter the most eg exercises classes in gym
    -compensation- using psychological and technical strategies to enhance function
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6
Q

what is dementia?

A

progressive and irreversible loss of cognitive function NOT just exaggeration of normal ageing

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7
Q

Describe sleep disturbance in old age

A

-changes in sleep patterns in adults are common
-insomnia and daytime naps disrupt normal circadian rhythm
-highest use of sedative - hypnotic drugs
-chronic illnesses, caffeine, mood disorders etc can be contributing factors

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8
Q

describe sexual health in old age

A
  • physiological changes, chronic illnesses, medications, mobility etc can affect sexual functioning in old age
  • barriers to sexual expression include unavailability of partner, physical and cognitive decline, body image concerns
    -older generation have also been neglected to the prevention of STIS
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9
Q

Describe mental health in old age

A

-declining physical and adaptive abilities makes older people more vulnerable to depression and other mental disorders
-depression is most common, 10-15% of older people
-often not detected or treated
-suicide rate of older men is higher - similar rates to young men

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10
Q

what is elder abuse?

A
  • a single or repeated action or lack of appropriate action occurring within any relationship where there is an expectation of trust which causes harm or distress to an olde person
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11
Q

what are examples of different forms of elder abuse?

A
  • financial/material
    -physical
    -sexual
    -psychological
    -neglect
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12
Q

what are possible indicators that an elder person is suffering with psychological abuse?

A
  • demoralisation (loss of morals, motivation etc)
    -depression
    -feelings of hopelessness/helplessness
    -disrupted appetite
    -tearfulness
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13
Q

Describe possible indicators that an older person is suffering from neglect?

A
  • dehydration
    -malnutrition
    -inappropriate clothing
    -poor hygiene
    -under or over medicated
    -lack of supervision
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14
Q

what are possible indicators that an elderly person is going through financial abuse?

A

-unexplained or sudden inability to pay bills
-unexplained or sudden withdrawal of money from accounts
-unexplained disappearance of possessions
-no funds for food, clothes, services etc

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15
Q

what are examples of possible indicators that an older person might display if they are suffering from physical abuse?

A

-bruises or cuts- in particular mouth, lips, gums, eyes
-scratches
-burns
-fractures
-hair loss - from hair pulling

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16
Q

what are some possible indicators that an older person might be going through sexual abuse?

A
  • trauma about the genitals, breasts, rectum, mouth etc
    -injury to face, neck, chest etc
    -presence of STI
17
Q

what are 5 risk factors of elder abuse?

A
  • living in shared accommodation eg nursing home
    -dementia
    -social isolation
  • close relative of the abused
  • substance abuse, mental illness etc
18
Q

Describe important facts about caregivers

A
  • 15-20% of population
    -more women than men
    -majority are 35-65 years
    -person providing care - adult child, etc
    1 in 5 provide more than 40 hours a week
19
Q

describe examples of the physical effects of caregiving

A

-17% of carers rated health as fair, poor compared to general pop
- energy , sleep, pain or aching, depression, headaches have worsened because of caregiving

20
Q

what are examples of characteristics of caregiver burnout?

A

-changes in appetite, headache, fatigue, insomnia etc
-increased stress and anxiety
-circular thinking - eg I could get counselling but I can’t afford it and it won’t help
-social isolation
-depressive symptoms - grief, powerlessness

21
Q

what are the 5 stages of dying according to Kubler Ross stages

A
  • denial - the person adjusts to the fact that they are dying
    -anger - frustration at tying and is often directed at those closest to the person
    -bargaining - where people try to make a deal - god or HCP’s so they live
    -depression - when the person realises there is nothing that can be done
    -acceptance - where the person accepts their death with calmness and peace
22
Q

what is important to note about cabler ross stages of dying theory?

A
  • people do not go through discreet or consecutive stages of emotions
    -they may experience any of these feelings concurrently or move between them
    -many patients never reach the stage of acceptance and anxiety and fear of death are common
23
Q

what is bereavement?

A
  • having experienced the loss of a loved one through death
  • involves the period of mourning and grief that follows the death of someone close
24
Q
A

health psychology (22 decks)

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